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Avian Influenza Symptoms in Birds. Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine. Clinical Symptoms of Avian Influenza. This presentation is about Avian Influenza as it affects birds. Avian Influenza.
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Avian InfluenzaSymptoms in Birds Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine
Clinical Symptoms of Avian Influenza This presentation is about Avian Influenza as it affects birds Avian Influenza
Avian Influenza • A contagious viral infection and/or disease of many avian species including poultry, wild and exotic birds, ratites, shore birds and migratory waterfowl. • The highly pathogenic form of the disease is characterized by severe depression, decrease in egg production, high mortality, edema, hemorrhage, and frank necrosis. • All H5 and H7 infections are reportable to the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). Dennis Senne 2005 Avian Influenza
Avian Influenza • Low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) • Associated with mild illness in poultry • Can evolve into highly pathogenic viruses • Associated with poultry outbreaks worldwide • High pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) • Causes high mortality in domestic poultry • Subtypes H5 and H7 Avian Influenza
H5N1 virus electron micrograph of avian influenza H5N1 virus Avian Influenza
Host Range • Exotic Birds • Domestic Poultry Avian Influenza
Peri-domestic species Occasional isolations of avian influenza virus from starlings and house sparrows (in contact with infected poultry) Replication of some avian influenza virus in these species (experimental) Avian Influenza
Natural Reservoirs of Influenza A Viruses Wild aquatic birds Majority are represented by two Orders: 1. Anseriformes(ducks, geese, and swans) Dennis Senne 2005 Avian Influenza
Natural Reservoirs of Influenza A Viruses 2.Charadriiformes (gulls, terns, and shorebirds) Usually show no clinical disease Dennis Senne 2005 Avian Influenza
The Muscovy DucksNatural Reservoir http://www.domestic-waterfowl.co.uk/mozzie.htm Avian Influenza
How are these viruses transmitted and maintained in these species? Transmission: Fecal/Oral route Heavy fecal shedding by infected ducks Long term persistence in water Isolation of AIVs from surface water Maintenance: Bird to bird Persistence in environment Avian Influenza
Incubation period 3-5 days Severe depression Decreased food and water consumption Drastic decline in egg production Many birds affected Clinical Signs Avian Influenza
Turkeys with Avian Influenza cvm.umn.edu Many birds are depressed and huddling Avian Influenza
Dehydration Huddling Subcutaneous swelling of the head and neck area Nasal and oral cavity discharge Clinical Signs Avian Influenza
Note swollen head, and discharges. Wattle is cyanotic and necrotic. Avian Influenza
Clinical Signs Huddling Avian Influenza
Clinical Signs • Ruffled feathers • Swollen, cyanotic (blue) combs and wattles • Conjunctivitis with respiratory signs Avian Influenza
Ruffled feathers Respiratory Symptoms Avian Influenza
Swollen blue, cyanotic combs and wattles Avian Influenza
Swollen blue, cyanotic combs and wattles Avian Influenza
Clinical Signs • Edema/necrosis of comb/wattle • Cyanosis Avian Influenza
HPAI - Cyanotic comb of an infected chicken on the left compared to a normal chicken on the right. Avian Influenza
Clinical Signs • Subcutaneous hemorrhage of shanks Avian Influenza
Subcutaneous hemorrhage of shanks Avian Influenza
Hemorrhage of the shanks and hocks Avian Influenza
Clinical Signs • Neurological signs (Nervous signs) Similar to Exotic Newcastle Disease Avian Influenza
Neurological signs Avian Influenza
Neurological signs Cyanosis Ruffled feathers Avian Influenza
Neurological signs Hemorrhages on shanks Ruffled feathers Avian Influenza
Clinical Signs • Coughing • Sneezing • Diarrhea • Sudden death Avian Influenza
I. Capua D. Halvorson D. Halvorson Clinical Signs Huddling Sinusitis Respiratory signs Avian Influenza
Clinical Signs • Sudden onset and high mortality • Birds found dead Avian Influenza Dennis Senne, 2005
Post Mortem Lesions Lesions may be absent with sudden death Avian Influenza http://www.avian-influenza-disinfectant.com/avian_influenza.htm
Head and neck edema Swollen and cyanotic combs and wattles Petechial hemorrhages on internal membrane surfaces Lesions Avian Influenza
Excessive mucous exudate in the lumen of the trachea, or severe hemorrhagic tracheitis Petechiae on the inside of the sternum, on the serosa and abdominal fat, serosal surfaces and in the body cavity Lesions Avian Influenza
Lesions HPAI - Opened swollen wattle. Avian Influenza
Hemorrhages and edema Avian Influenza
Edema Avian Influenza
Petechial hemorrhages on internal membrane surfaces Avian Influenza
Lesions Hemorrhages of the trachea Avian Influenza
Hemorrhages of the trachea Avian Influenza
Lung hemorrhage and edema Avian Influenza
Note hemorrhages and edema around the heart Avian Influenza
Lesions • Hemorrhages on the mucosal surface of the proventriculus, particularly at the juncture with the gizzard • Hemorrhages and erosions of the gizzard lining • Hemorrhagic foci on the lymphoid tissues in the intestinal mucosa Avian Influenza