DOUBLE POLARIZED DD-FUSION

1. DOUBLE POLARIZED DD-FUSION by Kirill Grigoryev Institut für Kernphysik, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Russia 27.09.2010

2. Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Russia Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany Cologne University, Germany University ITMO, St.Petersburg, Russia KVI, Groningen, Netherlands Ferrara University, Italy Participating institutions Not yet in collaboration

3. t + p → → →→ d + d 3He + d → 4He + p : Factor ~1.5 at 430 keV t + d → 4He + n: Factor ~1.5 at 107 keV 3He + n History of polarized fusion →→ • 1971 Ch.Leemann et al., Investigation of the 3He(d,p)4He reaction with polarized beam and target at 430 keV • 1982 R.M.Kulsrudet al., Fusion Reactor Plasmas with Polarized Nuclei • “Nuclear fusion rates can de enhanced or suppressed by polarization of the reaction nuclei.” Annals of Physics 66, 810–815 (1971) Phys. Rev. Lett. 49, 1248–1251 (1982) Compared to the unpolarized fusion can cross sections be increased ? can neutrons be suppressed ? can the trajectories of the neutrons be controlled? H. Paetz gen. Schieck, Eur. Phys. J. A 44, 321–354 (2010)

4. B.P.Ad’jasevich, V.G. Antonenko An experiment is suggested to measure polarization correlation coefficients in reactions 2H(d, p)3H and 2H(d, n)3He at low energies. 1976 Old Idea

5. The Quintet Suppression Factor Deltuva and Fonseca, Phys. Rev. C 81 (2010)

6. The Main Formula Spins of both deuterons are aligned: Only pz(qz) and pzz(qzz) ≠ 0 Only beam is polarized: (pi,j ≠ 0, qi,j = 0) σ(ϴ,Φ) = σ0(ϴ) · {1 + 3/2 Ay(ϴ) py + 1/2 Axz(ϴ) pxz + 1/6 Axx-yy(ϴ) pxx-zz + 2/3 Azz(ϴ) pzz }

7. The Analysing Powers Tagishi et al.; Phy. Rev. C 46 (1992) 1155-1158 [Analysing Powers: 2H(d,p)3H, solid target] Becker et al. Few Body Sys. 13 (1992) [Analysing Powers] Imig et al. Phys.Rev. C 73 (2006) [Spin-Transfer Koeff.] All experiments were performed at solid targets

8. Unpolarized cross sections • R. E. Brown, N. Jarmie, Phys. Rev. C 41 N4 (1990)

9. d + d Q: 4.033 MeV t + p Q: 3.268 MeV d + d 3He + n Count rate → → → → 0.82 MeV 1.01 MeV 3.02 MeV Becker et al. Few Body Sys. 13 (1992) [Analysing Powers] Tagishi et al. Phys.Rev. C 46 (1992) [Analysing Powers] Imig et al. Phys.Rev. C 73 (2006) [Spin-Transfer Koeff.]

10. The Experimental Setup ISTC Project # 3881 PNPI, Gatchina 1. Setup: ABS and LSP from the SAPIS Project, Uni. of Cologne Target Density: ~ 1011 a/cm2 Beam Intensity: > 1.5 μA ~ 1013 /s → Luminosity: ≤ 1025 /cm2 s Ed = 100 keV → σ = 15.5 mbarn → count rate: ~ 155 / h → 1 month of beam time Ed = 30 keV → σ = 1.2 mbarn → count rate: ~ 12 / h → 10 month of beam time

11. The Experimental setup 2. Setup: Luminosity: 1.3∙1025 1/cm2 s Ed = 30 keV count rate: ~ 54/h → 1 week of beam time

12. The Hardware at PNPI SAPIS POLIS

13. Detector system • 4- detector setup with 60% filling • ~300 Hamamatsu Si PIN photodiodes (S3590 / ≤ 100 €) • 1cm2 active area • 300um depletion layer • good energy resolution (20keV for 1MeV Carbon ions at RHIC) Readout electronics requirements: • 320 PIN diodes • ≤ 1kHz total count rate • Amplitude analyzer • Common clock for off-line coincidence analysis • Making use of CSP16 from MuSun experiment

14. Electron screening ??? Astrophysical S-Factor: F. Raiola et al.; Eur. Phys. J. A 13, 377 (2002) ? Coulomb Potential Distance Nuclear Potential

15. Quintet-Suppression Factor for different energies Various Spin-Correlation Coefficients can be measured ( different spin combinations from two sources ) Other reactions are possible: d+p 3He+γ, (d+t …) Polarized Electron Screening ? Summary

16. Future Plan • Assemble and run the POLIS source January 2011 • Mechanical assembling Fall 2010 • Control system January 2011 • Solid target experiment Spring 2011 • Upgrade of the SAPIS ABS June 2011 • Vacuum system Fall 2010 • Magnet system design December 2010 • ABS tests and tuning Spring 2011 • Detector system June 2011 • Mechanical support design Fall 2010 • Readout electronics design November 2010 • Assembling and tuning Spring 2011