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Cadmium Levels in People

Cadmium Levels in People. Matthew Marah CHEM 4101 Dec. 9 th , 2011. Uses of Cadmium ( Cd ). Nickel-Cadmium Batteries Electroplating To prevent rusting of metals Pigments f or paints Nuclear fission By-product of Zinc & Copper smelting. Health Effects of Cadmium. Long-term exposure

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Cadmium Levels in People

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  1. Cadmium Levelsin People Matthew Marah CHEM 4101 Dec. 9th, 2011

  2. Uses of Cadmium (Cd) • Nickel-Cadmium Batteries • Electroplating • To prevent rusting of metals • Pigments for paints • Nuclear fission • By-product of Zinc & Copper smelting

  3. Health Effects of Cadmium • Long-term exposure • Kidney and liver damage • Lung damage • Short-term exposure • Respiratory troubles • Fatal at high exposure • Carcinogen • Possibly cancerous

  4. Problem • Long-term and high Cd exposure have a negative impact on health and a Cd leak from a plant could cause great damage to people nearby.

  5. Hypothesis • People who live closer to an industrial plant, that uses Cd or produces it as a by-product, will have higher levels of Cd in their blood than people living further away.

  6. Chosen Method • AAS – Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy • No dilution of sample required • Sample decomposes from heat • LOD = 0.01ng/L • LOQ = 1µg/L • Precision: 1-10% • Cost: $5,000-25,000 • Sample is run in minutes • Blood can be directly injected and analyzed

  7. Equipment WFX-210 AAS Spectrometer • LOD ≤ 6 µ g/L • LOQ ≈ 1 µ g/L • Precision ≤ 3% for Cd • Flame & Graphite Furnace atomizer • Wavelength Range: 190-900nm • Photomultiplier Tube (PMT) • Autosampler built-in

  8. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

  9. Alternative Methods

  10. Alternative Methods Cont.

  11. Conclusion • Using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy would be a good technique to analyze the Cadmium content of blood. • Having a machine with an Autosampler may be more expensive, but it allows for multiple samples to be run faster.

  12. References • Center for Disease Control: Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry. http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp.asp?id=48&tid=15 • Crouch, Stanley R.; Holler, F. James; Skoog, Douglas A. Principles of Insrumental Analysis, 6th ed.; Brooks/Cole: Belmont, CA, 2007. •  Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands. http://www.ecn.nl/docs/society/horizontal/hor20_AAS.pdf • Environmental Protection Agency. Technology Transfer Network: Air Toxics Web Site. http://www.epa.gov/ttnatw01/hlthef/cadmium.html#ref1 • Qualitest International Inc.: Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometers. http://www.worldoftest.com/wfx-210.htm • Weston, Andrea; Brown, Phyllis R.; Jandik, Pter; Jones, william R.; Heckenberg, Allan L. Factors affecting the separation of inorganic metal cations by capillary electrophoresis. Journal of Chromatography1992, 593, 289-295.

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