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The Arab Conquest and the High Caliphate

The Arab Conquest and the High Caliphate. I. Introduction. Rise of the Arab Empire. II. The Evolution of the Early Caliphate. A. The First Succession Crisis 1. Abu Bakr (r. 632-634) 2. Umar (634-644). III. Conquest of the Byzantine Middle East. A. Syria 1. Yarmuk (636)

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The Arab Conquest and the High Caliphate

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  1. The Arab Conquest and the High Caliphate

  2. I. Introduction • Rise of the Arab Empire

  3. II. The Evolution of the Early Caliphate A. The First Succession Crisis 1. Abu Bakr (r. 632-634) 2. Umar (634-644)

  4. III. Conquest of the Byzantine Middle East A. Syria 1. Yarmuk (636) 2. Jerusalem (637) B. Egypt

  5. IV. Destruction of the Persian Empire A. Qadisiyah (637) B. Persia Defeated (651)

  6. V. Why Successful? A. Jihad? B. Mobility C. Exhausted Enemies D. Religious Discontent and Muslim Tolerance

  7. VI. Succession Crises A. The First Fitnah 1. Uthman (r. 644-656) • Muhammed Ali (r. 656-661) • Battle of the Camel (656) • Battle of Siffin (657) 3. Mu'awiyah (r. 661-680) 4. Yazid (r. 680-683)

  8. VII. The Umayyad Dynasty (661- 750) A. The Solidification of Umayyad Power 1. The Second Fitnah 2. Abd al-Malik (r. 685-705) b. Rationalized Administration a. Dome of the Rock Mosque

  9. VII. The Umayyad Dynasty (661- 750) B. New Conquests 1. North Africa and Spain 2. Central Asia, China, and India 3. The Byzantine Empire

  10. VII. The Umayyad Dynasty (661- 750) • Tax Reform and the Growth of Islam 1. Pact of Umar • Demise of the Umayyad Dynasty

  11. VIII. The Abbasid Dynasty (750-1258) A. Founding 1. Baghdad B. The Arab Empire's Golden Age: Harun al-Rashid (r. 786-809)

  12. The Arab Conquests

  13. Greek Fire

  14. IX. Conclusion • Continuity • Change

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