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The Abbasid Caliphate

The Abbasid Caliphate. By Chasity Hale. Caliphates. Caliphate is a form of government ruled by a caliph and/or successor of Muhammad, who was chosen by the leaders of the Umma . The Umma is the population of Muslim peoples.

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The Abbasid Caliphate

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  1. The Abbasid Caliphate By Chasity Hale

  2. Caliphates • Caliphate is a form of government ruled by a caliph and/or successor of Muhammad, who was chosen by the leaders of the Umma. • The Umma is the population of Muslim peoples. • There are two different types of Muslim advocates in the Umma. The Sunni and the Shi’a.

  3. The Sunni’s • The Sunni’s believe that the caliphs should be chosen by Muslim leaders.

  4. The Shi’a’s • The Shi’a’s believe that the caliphs should be a relative of Muhammad.

  5. Umayyad Caliphate • The Umayyad caliphate came into power following several conflicts, the killings of four rival caliphs and the assassination of Muhammad’s son-in-law.

  6. Important figures • Abu Abbas • IbnRushd • Seljuk Turks • Mongols • Ghengis Khan

  7. Abu Abbas • Abu Abbas, was a descendant of an uncle of Muhammad. He led a revolt against the Umayyads that resulted in the beginning of the Abbasid Caliphate.

  8. IbnRushd • IbnRushd was born in Corboda in southern Spain a region controlled by Muslims • He developed a commentary inspired by Aristotle known as the twofold truth. • The twofold truth stated that religion and philosophy are two different types of knowledge.

  9. Seljuk Turks • The Turks conquer Baghdad, the capital and important cultural center of the Abbasid caliphate. • They had nomads who migrated to the northern border of the Persian Empire from the Asian steppes, converted to Islam, and unified the Turks of Central Asia. • The Turks allowed the Abbasids to control Islamic matter, but they controlled state affairs.

  10. The Mongols &Ghengis Khan • The Mongols were the ones who ultimately ended Abbasid rule in Baghdad. • Ghengis Khan conquered the first Islamic kingdom for the Mongols which was the Khwarazm Empire. • His grandson Hulego proceed a Mongol policy of expansion and captured Baghdad around 1258 CE.

  11. Basic Timeline of Historical Events • 750 CE – The establishment of the Abbasid Caliphate. • 1055 CE – The Seljuk Turks conquer Baghdad, but allow Abbasid’s to control Islamic affairs. • 1258 CE – The Mongols come into power and remove all Abbasid control.

  12. Religion • The Abbasid were firm believers of Islam. • The Abbasid Caliphate was supported by the Shi’a Muslims because Abu Abba was a descendant of Muhammad. • The split that occurred in Muslims is still intact to this day. • Islam the youngest and fastest growing religion from the seventh century did not only widely influence the Abbasid, but many others as well.

  13. Largest Territorial Extent

  14. Largest Territorial Extent

  15. Culture • The Abbasid admired many Persian leaderships methods. • They adopted the viziers or political advisors to administer their governments. • They were widely influenced by their religion which determined the foods they ate and how they spent their days.

  16. Economy • The Muslims established trading colonies ranging from the Middle East to China. • The did this to obtain porcelain and silk. • The centers for trade were Baghdad, Cairo, and Spain. • The used camel caravans and dowsto export and import goods.

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