Geologic Structures Gone Wild (aka geologic structures)

1. Geologic Structures Gone Wild(aka geologic structures) Alex Borland

2. Faults • There are three types of faults: • Normal • Reverse/Thrust • Strike-Slip • All faults have: • A Fault Plane • A Foot Wall

3. Normal Faultlocated in Bakerstown Station, PA Fault Plane- The line that separates the hanging wall and the footwall Footwall- The side of a fault that forms an acute angle with the ground. In normal faults, the footwall will be raised Hanging wall- The side of a fault that forms an obtuse angle with the ground. In a normal fault, the hanging wall will be below the footwall. http://Geology.pitt.edu/

4. Reverse Faultlocated in Japan Fault Plane- The line that separates the hanging wall and the footwall Hanging wall- The side of a fault that forms an obtuse angle with the ground. In a reverse fault, the hanging wall will be above thefootwall Footwall- The side of a fault that forms an acute angle with the ground. In a reverse fault, the footwall will be below the hanging wall http://rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/

5. Strike-Slip/Thrust fault Strike-slip faults usually have no hanging or footwalls, although there is still a fault plane

6. Folds • A fold is a layer or several layers of rock that have been folded. • A fold’s axial plane is the plane that follows the fold’s vertex, or most extreme point. • A limb is each part of a fold on opposite sides of the axial plane http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Folded_Rock.jpg

7. Anticlines • Anticlines are folds that have been pushed upward. • They occur along a long straight line in 3-D Axial plane Limb Limb

8. Synclines • Synclines are folds that have been pushed downward • They also occur along long straight lines in 3 dimensions Axial plane Limb Limb

9. Domes and Basins • Domes and basins create non-linear patterns in 3 dimensions • Domes are pushed up and basins are pushed down