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The Five Major Religions

A brief overview. The Five Major Religions. Judaism. JUDAISM is a religion of just one people: the Jews. JUDAISM was the first to teach belief in only one God. Two other important religions developed from Judaism: Christianity and Islam. Judaism.

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The Five Major Religions

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  1. A brief overview The Five Major Religions

  2. Judaism • JUDAISM is a religion of just one people: the Jews. • JUDAISM was the first to teach belief in only one God. Two other important religions developed from Judaism: Christianity and Islam.

  3. Judaism • Jews think that God will send a Messiah (a deliverer) to unite them and lead them in His way. • Currently, they live in a diaspora society. • Christians believe that Jesus was the Messiah. The Jewish people do not agree; they anticipate His arrival in the future. • Judaism teaches that death is not the end and that there is a world to come.

  4. Judaism • The "Torah," the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, is the most important Jewish scripture. • It contains the basic laws of Judaism. • Another important book is the "Talmud," serving primarily as a guide to the civil and religious laws of Judaism.

  5. Judaism • The Jewish house of worship is called a synagogue. • Rabbis (spiritual leaders) conduct services, act as interpreters of Jewish laws, and deliver sermons. • Today there are over 18 million followers of Judaism scattered throughout the world. A large number of those people live in the Jewish nation of Israel. Over six million live in the United States.

  6. Jewish Philosophy • God is one and unique • God is the creator • God is transcendent • God is immanent. • God is lawgiver • God is personal • We have the obligation to worship • The Torah is God's law • God is judge • The Messiah will come.

  7. Christianity • The early Hebrews who eventually developed into the Jewish religion became the foundation of Christianity. • Jesus, or the Messiah, was a Jewish boy who disagreed with some of the Jewish principles of his day began to profess a new way of thinking. • This eventually led to the beginning of the Christian religion.

  8. Christianity • Christianity started about 2000 years ago about the same time of Jesus. • The central point of Christian belief is that God, the Father, entered into human history as the Son, Jesus of Nazereth, and arose as the Holy Spirit. 

  9. Christian Philosophy • God is the Creator of the universe. There is one God, Who is Three  People (Beings)- Father, Son and Holy Spirit. • Jesus is both fully man and fully God.  He was born of the Virgin Mary,crucified, resurrected from the dead, and ascended to the Father.

  10. Christian Philosophy • Sin and Evil are realities in our existence. • The Bible is the Holy Book that records God's revelation. • All believers are promised life everlasting. • The leader of Christianity was Jesus, and the followers were his 12 disciples.

  11. Islam • ISLAM is the name given to the religion preached by the prophet Muhammad in the 600s CE. • The Islamic religion started in the area known as Palestine in the year 600CE. • It has about 850 million followers, most of them in the region north and east of the Mediterranean Sea.

  12. Islam • The holy book of Islam is the "Koran." Also spelled “Quran.” Muslims believe its words to be those of Allah himself, spoken to Muhammad by an angel. • Allah, is the Islamic God. • People who believe these ideas are called Muslims.

  13. Islamic Philosophy • Muslims learn that life on earth is a period of testing and preparation for the life to come. • Angels record good and bad deeds. • People should behave themselves and help others, trusting in Allah's justice and mercy for their reward.

  14. 5 Pillars • Profession of Faith – Honor only one god – Allah. “There is no god but Allah and Muhammad is his messenger” • Formal Worship – Prayer must be said 5 times a day with words/actions while facing Mecca • Assistance to the Less Fortunate – Must donate 1/10 of their wealth to poor and disadvantaged • Ramadan – Annual fasting that lasts 30 days. 30 days of sacrifice for faith to understand the hunger of the poor • Hajj – Pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in life

  15. Hinduism • HINDUISM is one of the world's oldest religions. • Over 2/3's of the world's Hindus live in India; large numbers reside in Africa also. • Hindus believe in many gods, numbering into the thousands. They recognize one supreme spirit called Brahman ("the Absolute.")

  16. Hindu Philosophy • Hindus believe in many gods, numbering into the thousands. • They recognize one supreme spirit called Brahma (the Absolute). • The goal of Hindus is to someday join with Brahma. • Until that union takes place, believers are in a continuous process of rebirth called "reincarnation."

  17. Hindu Philosophy • At death, the Hindu's deeds (karma) determine what the next life will be. • Followers work to break this cycle--birth, death, re-birth-- (referred to by writers as the "Wheel of Life") and gain release. • The Hindu's soul then merges with Brahman in a condition of spiritual perfection (moksha).

  18. Brahma - the Creator of Life • Vishnu - the Preserver of life • Shiva - the Destroyer of life

  19. Hinduism • Hinduism has many sacred books, the oldest being a series called the "Vedas.“ • Traditional Hindu society was divided into groups of four classes (or varnas). This was known as the "caste system."

  20. Buddhism • Founding person of Buddhism is SiddhārthaGautama, the Buddha • The Dalai Lama is a Buddhist monk who remains the leader of the Tibetans. • Buddhism is a major religion in China, Japan, India, and Tibet.

  21. The Major Philosophy of Buddhism • Love: without conditions • Compassion: or feeling at one with the person who is suffering • Sympathetic Joy: Celebrate the happiness of others, and do not resent their good fortune. • Impartiality: Treat everyone equally, and do not use others for personal gain or to win approval.

  22. The Major Philosophy of Buddhism • Buddhism states that existence is a continuing cycle of death and rebirth called reincarnation. • Each person's position in life is determined by his or her behavior in the previous life. This is known as their "karma" (also a Hindu belief).

  23. Confucianism • Origin and Founder • Kong Fuzi aka Confucius “Master King” • Son of a soldier, teacher, atheist, wise sage, honored by offerings. • His ideas came together into a “religion” around 500 B.C.E.

  24. Confucianism • Holy Text(s) • The Analects • Book of sayings of Confucius, collected by his disciples and published a century or two after his death.

  25. Confucianism • Core Beliefs • Education is the key to promoting morality, stressing the study of history, philosophy, literature, poetry and music • Wisdom is working to improve society and keeping one’s distance from the gods and spirits while showing them reverence • The answer to the world’s problems are virtue, ethics, and above all benevolence • “Let the ruler be ruler, and the minister minister; let the father be father and the son son” – advises people to play their assigned roles in society • Strict rules of courtesy

  26. Confucianism • Holy God(s) • None, although Confucius was the most honored and influential Chinese thinker

  27. Confucianism • Filial Piety • Everyone should play their assigned roles in society as defined by order and hierarchy

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