Civil War Reconstruction

1. Civil War Reconstruction All information taken from the curriculum guide; images from a variety of Google images, hammerheads reconstruction PowerPoint

2. Leaders of Reconstruction Lincoln Robert E. Lee Frederick Douglass -Reconstruction plan -Urged Southerners to reconcile -Fought for the adoption of called for reconciliation at the end of the war and reunited constitutional amendment as Americans when some wanted that guaranteed voting rights -Preservation of the to continue to fight Union was more - Powerful voice for human important than -Became President of Washington rights and civil liberties for punishing the South College which is now Washington all and Lee University -malice towards none, with -Former slave charity for all, let us bind - He supported Andrew Johnson’s up the nation’s wounds. plan for Reconstruction (very lenient) Lincoln isAssassinated in 1865 -and Andrew Johnson takes office.

3. Reconstruction Policies and Problems Problems • Southern military leaders could not hold office • African Americans could hold public office • Southerners resented northern “carpetbaggers,” who took advantage of the South during Reconstruction • Carpetbagger: name given to many Northerners who moved to the South after the Civil War and supported the African Americans.

4. Reconstruction Policies and Problems Policies • Northern soldiers supervised the South (military districts). Reconstruction policies were harsh and created problems in the South • African Americans gained equal rights as a result of the Civil Rights Act of 1866, which authorized the use of federal troops for its enforcement • Freedman’s Bureau established to aid former enslaved African Americans in the South • Freedmen’s Bureau: • Created by Congress in 1865 to help the slaves. • Provided them with food and clothing. • Helped them find jobs • Helped establish schools to provide them with an education.

5. Aside from basic relief efforts, what other services did the Freedman’s Bureau provide? Education, food, land, work

6. Civil War Amendments • 13thAmendment: bans slavery in the United States and many of its territories (1865) • 14th Amendment: grants citizenship to all persons born in the United States and guarantees them equal protection under the law (1868) • 15thAmendment: ensures all citizens the right to vote regardless of race or color or previous condition of servitude (1870) These three amendments guarantee equal protection under the law for all citizens.

7. THE BLACK CODES Southern states refused to accept the principles of the 13th Amendment. Many southern states passed… • Laws that prevented African Americans from: • Gaining political, social and economic freedom • Voting • Owning guns • Serving on juries • Living in towns • Traveling without permits

8. Radical Republicans • Republican Congressmen that felt Lincoln’s and Johnson’s plan were too lenient • Mostly northerners • They believed the Southshould be punished • They saw the South as traitors. • Outraged by Black Codes • They wanted Blacks to have full equality.

9. Reconstruction Acts of 1867 • South Divided into Military Districts • Army gains power to run elections and register voters • write new constitutions with Universal Adult Male Suffrage • States had to ratify 14th amendment

10. Military Districts

11. the end of Reconstruction All information taken from the curriculum guide; images from a variety of Google images

12. Election of 1876 Rutherford B. Hayes wins the election of 1876 • Wanted to end radical reconstruction • Former governor of Ohio, Republican • Compromise of 1877; ended Military occupation in the south

13. The “Compromise” of 1877 • Rutherford B. Hayes is given the Presidency when Republicans agree to: • Name a Southern to Cabinet • Federal spending on rebuilding South • Remove military from the South The removal of troops = the end of Reconstruction!!!

14. African American rights • Rights that African Americans gained were lost through black codes especially in the South. • Black Codes • Laws passed in the south just after the civil war aimed at controlling freedmen and enabling plantation owners to exploit African American workers. • Black codes intended to keep African Americans in a condition similar to slavery.

15. African Americans after the reconstruction Where will they live and work? They… • Rented pieces of land usually from their former master • Forced to give percentage of crops to Plantation owner

16. Sharecropping Crop Lien System • Sharecroppers had no income until harvest time • Had to promise their crops to local merchants in order to get supplies

17. The Ku Klux Klan • KKK was founded in 1866 by 6 former Confederates • Terrorists • Used intimidation, fear and violence

18. Denied Their Rights LiteracyTests Grandfather Clauses test where blacks had to read and write to vote Helped whites who couldn’t read – If your grandfather voted in 1867, you could vote. Methods Used In The South to Deny African Americans their rights. Jim Crow Laws Poll Tax Laws that segregated blacks from whites in public places A registration fee to vote.

19. Jim Crow Laws- laws that legalized segregation Segregation- Separating of the Races By the 1890’s all southern states had legally segregated public transportation, schools, parksand other public places.

20. Plessy v. Ferguson • Homer Plessy was denied a seat in a first class railway car • Supreme Court ruled that “separate but equal” facilities did not violate the 14thamendment • Legalized segregation

21. The end of Reconstruction • The south slowly rebuilds after the civil war • African Americans fight to keep their newly acquired rights • Jim Crow laws • Plessy vs. Ferguson/segregation • Many southerners move west to settle in new lands with better economic opportunities—a new start.