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Civil Liberties

Civil Liberties. 1st amendment freedoms of religion freedoms of speech. 1st amendment.

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Civil Liberties

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  1. Civil Liberties • 1st amendment • freedoms of religion • freedoms of speech

  2. 1st amendment • Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

  3. Ist amendment--Religion-- Establishment Clause • Jefferson’s “wall between Church and State” • School Prayer: • can students pray at school? • Engel v Vitale (1962) • “govt has no business leading or writing prayers” • 2000 Texas students speaking at request of school officials cannot lead prayer at football games • 2001 USSC ok’s Virginia’s moment of silence • In CA, state efforts to pass moment of silence laws have failed, but some school boards have passed it

  4. Ist amendment--Religion-- Free Exercise Clause • Flag Salute cases (1940, 1943) • state should not force patriotic acts on religiously dissenting minorities • CA Education Code requires some daily patriotic exercise, but left to local districts

  5. Ist amendment--Free Speech--political speech • Free speech--not absolute • Stromberg v CA (1931) • USSC invalidated CA anti-syndicalist law • Texas v Johnson (1989) • flag burning is protected symbolic speech

  6. johnson arrested

  7. free speech--location • Ct. says US constitution grants no free speech rights on private property, such as malls • state constitutions may grant such rights (California and 6 others)

  8. Ist amendment--Free Speech--libel and slander • NY Times Co. v Sullivan (1964) • “actual malice” • Hustler Magazine v Falwell (1988) • public figures need thick skin

  9. Ist Amend--Free Speech--obscenity • Different standards for different media • Miller v California (1973) • local community standards • an average person find the material “patently offensive” • “dominant theme of the material taken as a whole” • but today: porn allowed for “consenting adults,” little to be done anyhow

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