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What is Artificial Intelligence?

What is Artificial Intelligence?. What does it mean to talk about a program being “intelligent”? How will we know when we’ve succeeded?. What is “intelligence”?. Is this even the right question to ask? Perhaps a better question would be “what is intelligent behavior?”

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What is Artificial Intelligence?

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  1. What is Artificial Intelligence? What does it mean to talk about a program being “intelligent”? How will we know when we’ve succeeded?

  2. What is “intelligence”? • Is this even the right question to ask? • Perhaps a better question would be “what is intelligent behavior?” • There are, of course, many possible answers.

  3. Thinking vs. Acting • Should we be more interested in how machines “think”, or how they act? • By “think” we mean process input information. • By “act” we mean generate appropriate output

  4. Intelligent behavior • Advantages • Entity behaves intelligently • “If it walks like a duck and it talks like a duck….” • Drawbacks • Lack of flexibility • The Turing Test measures how close a machine is to human-like behavior (GOFAI)

  5. Intelligent Thought • The other idea is to build systems that at also think in an intelligent fashion. • Advantages: • More flexibility • Disadvantages: • Much more complicated. We’re no longer simply interested in outcomes, but also interested in process.

  6. Same or different?

  7. A brief history of AI:Prehistory • Automata • Descartes: Animals as machines

  8. Computing machines • Da Vinci, Pascal, and Schickard • Babbage’s Difference Engine and Analytical Engine

  9. The First breakthrough • The Analytical Engine was the first stored program computer. • Such a computer has a set of basic instructions used in different sequences to perform calculations. • Complex calculations can be built from simple instructions

  10. The Turing Test

  11. Passing grades? • PARRY the Paranoid Robot • Eliza: http://www-ai.ijs.si/eliza-cgi-bin/eliza_script • Chat bots: http://www.botspot.com/search/s-chat.htm • What about my cats?

  12. Information processing theory

  13. The symbol system hypothesis • Successes: • Logic Theorist • SHRDLU • GPS • MYCIN and other Expert Systems

  14. Searle’s Chinese Room

  15. Does the Chinese Room hold water? • Put another way, the Chinese Room focuses on the process inside the room. What about the totality of the system?

  16. Where is the burden of proof? • How do you know your neighbor is not just a complicated robot? • Is it fair to place a higher burden of proof on artificial systems, just because we know how their constructed?

  17. Meaning and Understanding in symbol systems • Lots of people latch onto “understanding” as the difference between human and artificial systems. • What does it mean to “understand?” Where does “meaning” come from?

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