Land use in cities

Land use in cities Land use zones. Preparation for controlled assessment.

How is land used in urban areas? Land-use can be divided into 5 different zones CBD – Central Business District Industrial Zone Twilight Zone (Inner City) Inner Suburbs Outer Suburbs

How is land used in urban areas? Land-use can be divided into 5 different zones In some cities, a simple model like this works…. Outer Suburbs Inner City/ Twilight Zone Industrial Zone CBD Inner Suburbs

1. Leisure and entertainment facilities 2. Large detached houses with garages 3. Very few driveways 4. Most expensive houses 5. Shops and Offices 6. Semi-detached houses with gardens 7. Newest 8. Grew in response to increased car ownership 9. High-rise flats may now replace some run-down areas 10. Parks and open spaces 11. Lots of public transport links 12. Oldest 13. Tall high density buildings 14. Cheapest housing 15. Land is cheaper 16. Terraced housing 17. Some garages 18. Modern out-of -town shopping centres 19. High-value land 20. Industry + factories

Match it up! • Colour code the statements to fit the 5 categories: CBD – Inner City/Twilight Zone – Industrial Zone – Inner Suburbs – Outer Suburbs • Remember to use a key

1. Leisure and entertainment facilities 2. Large detached houses with garages 3. Very few driveways 4. Most expensive houses 5. Shops and Offices 6. Semi-detached houses with gardens 7. Newest 8. Grew in response to increased car ownership 9. High-rise flats may now replace some run-down areas 10. Parks and open spaces 11. Lots of public transport links 12. Oldest 13. Tall high density buildings 14. Cheapest housing 15. Land is cheaper 16. Terraced housing 17. Some garages 18. Modern out-of -town shopping centres 19. High-value land 20. Industry 1. Leisure and entertainment facilities 2. Large detached houses with garages 3. Very few driveways 4. Most expensive houses 5. Shops and Offices 6. Semi-detached houses with gardens 7. Newest 8. Grew in response to increased car ownership 9. High-rise flats may now replace some run-down areas 10. Parks and open spaces 11. Lots of public transport links 12. Oldest 13. Tall high density buildings 14. Cheapest housing 15. Land is cheaper 16. Terraced housing 17. Some garages 18. Modern out-of -town shopping centres 19. High-value land 20. Industry + factories

Task: • How do you think land is used in Portsmouth? • Write a description or draw a sketch to explain.

What land uses can you identify?What zones could there be?

Questions • Why are there tall buildings in the CBD? • Why do businesses want to set up their offices in the CBD? • 3. Why do you think there are very few driveways in the area surrounding Priory? • 4. Why do you think driveways become more common as you move away from the city centre? • 5. What problems might arise as a result of an increase in the number of out-of-town shopping centres?

Textbook • Use the textbook to find out about land-use zones • Make notes about: - CBD - Industrial zone - Inner City (Twilight Zone) - Inner Suburbs - Outer Suburbs

Urban land use: Zone 1 • CBD = Central Business District • The CBD is at the heart of a town or city and usually has great accessibility, large shopping and banking areas, and government buildings

Traffic Restrictions e.g. pedestrian areas (like Commercial Rd) Old Core - often narrow streets / historical core (e.g. Old Portsmouth) Little/ No Residential because so expensive, maybe some flats above shops Land has very high value - due to lack of space and competition for land Historical buildings (e.g. museums, castles, etc.) Characteristics of a CBD Many National Chain stores (attract larger numbers of customers + can afford the high land cost/rent - e.g. M&S; WHS; Topshop Government buildings (e.g. councils) • Many have covered shopping centres (e.g. Cascades) -Very Accessible - major rail and road routes (often find public transport stations meet here - e.g. railway stations / bus stations) • Banks, building societies, Estate Agents – where they can receive more customers Entertainment - restaurants, clubs, etc

Zone 2: Inner City What is the Inner City?The Inner City is the land-use zone around the city centre, it is also known as the twilight zone or zone of transition.When did the Inner City grow up?Inner city areas grew up in the 19th century as towns increased rapidly due to the Industrial Revolution. This led to the growth of factories and low-cost terraced housing around what is now the city centre.

Social Problems - high crime rates, above average concentrations of low-income citizens High density 19th Century housing and manufacturing. Housing is usually linear, back to back and terraced This area tends to be run down unless housing has been redeveloped crowded areas with little open space Characteristics of the Inner City Front doors open straight on to the pavementNo front or back gardens (just a small back yard) factories providing employment for residents Land values are lower than those in the CBD. However, they still remain high. Houses are cheaper to buy / rent Population density in the inner city is very high as houses have been squeezed in.

How is land used around Priory School Annotate the key land-use features in the following photos taken from Priory’s roof – give as much detail and explanation as possible. Write a sentence explaining which zone you think Priory belongs to and why

How has land use changed? 1999

How has land use changed? Dec 2005

How has land use changed? 2010

Practise data collection • In pairs/3s (max) complete the data collection practise. • This is for skills you will use doing your CA • Expectations outside?

1. & 2. Tall buildings are located in the ………….. because land prices are very …………………………… here and so it is much cheaper to build upwards. Many businesses choose to set up their offices in the CBD because this is generally the most ………………………… part of a city, meaning people can travel here to work easily. Most major shopping chains also choose to locate in the CBD for the same reasons. Also, if shops are in a more accessible area then this is likely to attract more …………………………, which brings in more ……………………... 3. & 4. Priory is surrounded by lots of …………………………… houses which tend not to have driveways. This is partly due to limited ……………………………. in this …………………………….. location. Additionally, inner city housing in Portsmouth, like that surrounding Priory, was originally built a long time ago to house ………………………………………………... At this time very few people owned ……………………….. and residents could walk to work. Therefore there was no need for houses to have driveways. As you move away from the inner city towards the ………………………. the number of driveways …………………………... This is because the suburbs grew in response to an increase in car ownership, meaning people could travel longer ………………………… to work and could therefore live further away. Hence, since the suburbs grew in response to increased car ownership, ………………… houses have driveways as you move ……………………………………… from the city centre. 5. An increase in the number of out-of-town shopping centres may lead to a ………………………. in the number of people travelling to the CBD, resulting in shops in the CBD …………………….. customers and therefore money. If shops are losing money they may reach a point where they can no longer afford to remain …………………, meaning that shops in the CBD may begin to close and therefore the CBD may become run-down and suffer ………………………………. – a process whereby a town or city falls into a state of disrepair, resulting in unemployment, abandonment of shops, etc. losing; money; suburbs; urban decay; further away; space; dockyard workers; accessible; cars; CBD; terraced; shoppers; expensive; more; open; inner city; distances; increases; decline;

CBD (CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT) 1. Leisure and entertainment facilities 5. Shops and Offices 11. Lots of public transport links 12. Oldest 13. Tall high density buildings 19. High-value land How is land used in urban areas? Copy this Venn Diagram + complete to classify each land-use statement (1-20) into social, economic or cultural Social Economic INDUSTRIAL ZONE 20. Industry TWILIGHT ZONE (INNER CITY) 3. Very few driveways 9. High-rise flats may now replace some run-down areas 14. Cheapest housing 16. Terraced housing INNER SUBURBS 6. Semi-detached houses with gardens 8. Grew in response to increased car ownership 17. Some garages OUTER SUBURBS 2. Large detached houses with garages 4. Most expensive houses 7. Newest 10. Parks and open spaces 15. Land is cheaper 18. Modern out-of -town shopping centres Cultural

Homework • Using the Google Maps and A3 paper produce a detailed annotated poster to show how Portsmouth’s land is used and how it has changed from 1999-2010. • Due: 28th

Land use in cities