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Cell Growth and Division

Cell Growth and Division. Cell 1: 0.00002 m. 0.00002 m= 0.02 mm SA= L x W x # of sides 0.02 mm x 0.02 mm x 6 0.0004 x 6 0.0024 mm 2 V=L x W x H 0.02 mm x 0.02 mm x 0.02 mm 0.000008 mm 3 SA:V=0.0024: 0.000008 1:300. Cell 2: 0.001 m. 0.001 m= 1 mm SA= L x W x # of sides

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Cell Growth and Division

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  1. Cell Growth and Division

  2. Cell 1: 0.00002 m • 0.00002 m= 0.02 mm • SA= L x W x # of sides • 0.02 mm x 0.02 mm x 6 • 0.0004 x 6 • 0.0024 mm2 • V=L x W x H • 0.02 mm x 0.02 mm x 0.02 mm • 0.000008 mm3 • SA:V=0.0024: 0.000008 • 1:300

  3. Cell 2: 0.001 m • 0.001 m= 1 mm • SA= L x W x # of sides • 1 mm x 1 mm x 6 • 1 x 6 • 6 mm2 • V=L x W x H • 1 mm x 1 mm x 1 mm • 1 mm3 • SA:V=6:1

  4. Cell 3: 2.5 cm • SA= L x W x # of sides • 2.5 cm x 2.5 cm x 6 • 6.25 x 6 • 37.5 cm2 • V=L x W x H • 2.5 x 2.5 x2.5 • 15.625 cm3 • SA:V= 37.5:15.625 • 2.4:1

  5. Cell 4: 30 cm • SA= L x W x # of sides • 30 cm x 30 cm x 6 • 900 x 6 • 5400 cm2 • V=L x W x H • 30 x 30 x 30 • 27000 cm3 • SA:V= 5400:27000 • 1:5

  6. Cell 5: 15 m • SA= L x W x # of sides • 15 cm x 15 cm x 6 • 225 x 6 • 1350 cm2 • V=L x W x H • 15 cm x 15 cm x 15 cm • 3375 cm3

  7. MINILAB • Analysis: • the ability of a cell to take in nutrients and get rid of wastes • More standard sized Cells

  8. Cell Growth • Limits of Cell Growth • 1. the ability of a cell to take in nutrients and get rid of wastes • 2. DNA cannot make RNA fast enough to keep up with the cell’s needs • Example 1: cube surface area vs. volume • Cells undergo cell division to solve these problems

  9. Cell Growth • Surface area: • Length x Width x number of sides • Volume: • Length x Width x Height • Surface Area to Volume Ratio • Surface area : Volume

  10. Quick Activity • Cube is 8 cm in diameter, what is the surface area: volume ratio? • You have a cuboid with a length of 5 mm, width of 3 mm, and height of 4 mm. What is the surface area: volume ratio?

  11. answers • SA:V • SA= 8 x 8 x 6= 384 • V=8 x 8 x 8=512 • SA:V=384:512 (3:4) • SA:V • SA= 5 x 3 x 6= 90 • V=5 x 3 x 4=60 • SA:V=90:60 (3:2)

  12. Surface Area to Volume Problem • Volume increases much more rapidly than Surface Area it will cause ratio of surface area to volume to decrease • Ex: Small town with two main streets that is growth

  13. Effect of SA: Volume Ratio • Effect of Surface Area to Volume Ratio

  14. Cell Growth • Cell Division:the process whereby the cell divides into two daughter cells

  15. Cell Growth • Rates of cell growth • Cells can grow very quickly! • Example: E. Coli (a bacterium) can double its volume and divide every 30 minutes.

  16. Cell Growth • Controls on cell growth • Cells know when to stop, such as when they contact other cells. • Uncontrolled cell growth • Cancer cells grow and divide until they run out of nutrients.

  17. Cell Division • Two main stages • 1. Mitosis: the process by which the nucleus of the cell divides into two nuclei, each with the same genetic information as the parent cell.

  18. Cell Division • Two main stages • 2. Cytokinesis: the process by which the cytoplasm divides, thus forming two distinct cells.

  19. Chromosomes

  20. Chromosomes • Chromosomes contain the genetic information that is passed from one generation to the next. Chromosomes are made of chromatin.

  21. Chromosomes • Chromatin is made of DNA and protein.

  22. Chromosomes • Histones are proteins that help DNA to coil tightly.

  23. Chromosomes • Chromatids: two identical parts of the chromosome. • Centromere: binds chromatids together

  24. Cell Cycle • Cell cycle: the period from the beginning of one mitosis to another. • Events of the cell cycle: • 1. Interphase • 2. Mitosis • 3. Cytokinesis

  25. Cell Cycle • Interphase: period between cell divisions; time of intense activity by the cell. • G1 phase: cell growth and development • S Phase: DNA replication • G2 Phase: shortest; synthesis of organelles and materials

  26. Cell Cycle

  27. Cell Cycle • Mitosis: process by which the nucleus of the cell is divided into two nuclei.

  28. Metaphase

  29. Anaphase

  30. Telophase

  31. Cell Cycle • Prophase: • 1. Chromosomes appear (chromatin condenses and coils) • 2. Centrioles separate and move to opposite sides of the nucleus. • 3. Chromosomes attach to spindle fibers. • 4. Nucleolus disappears and nuclear envelope breaks down.

  32. Cell Cycle • Metaphase: • 1. Chromosomes line up across center (equator) of cell. • 2. Microtubules connect centromeres to poles of spindle.

  33. Cell Cycle • Anaphase: • 1. Centromeres split; sister chromatids separate. • 2. Spindle gets longer. • 3. Chromosomes go to poles.

  34. Cell Cycle • Telophase: • 1. Chromosomes uncoil into chromatin. • 2. Nuclear envelope reforms, spindle breaks down, nucleolus becomes visible.

  35. Cell Cycle • Cytokinesis: process by which cytoplasm divides, thus forming two distinct cells.

  36. Pop Quiz • What are the 3 events of the cell cycle? • What are the stages of interphase? • What are the stages of mitosis? • What is cytokinesis?

  37. What are the 3 events of the cell cycle? • Interphase, mitosis, & cytokinesis • What are the stages of interphase? • G1, S, & G 2 phase • What are the stages of mitosis? • Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, & telophase • What is cytokinesis? • The division of the cytoplasm resulting in 2 identical daughter cells

  38. Pop Quiz • What happens doing each stage of interphase? • What happens doing each phase of mitosis? • When do cells stop dividing?

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