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Chapter 15: The Respiratory System

Chapter 15: The Respiratory System. Respiratory Functions and Conducting Structures. Alveoli and Lung Anatomy. External and Internal Respiration/Gas Diffusion. Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport. Respiratory Rate/Aging/ Interactions. $100. $100. $100. $100. $100. $200. $200. $200.

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Chapter 15: The Respiratory System

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  1. Chapter 15: The Respiratory System Respiratory Functions and Conducting Structures Alveoli and Lung Anatomy External and Internal Respiration/Gas Diffusion Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport Respiratory Rate/Aging/ Interactions $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 FINAL ROUND

  2. Respiratory Functions and Conducting Structures:$100 Question • Where does the conducting portion of the • respiratory system begin? • at the secondary bronchioles • at the entrance to the nasal cavity • at the nasopharynx • at the oropharynx ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  3. Respiratory Functions and Conducting Structures:$100 Answer • Where does the conducting portion of the • respiratory system begin? • at the secondary bronchioles • at the entrance to the nasal cavity • at the nasopharynx • at the oropharynx BACK TO GAME

  4. Respiratory Functions and Conducting Structures:$200 Question • Respiratory surfaces of the nasal cavity are cleared by mucus produced by the respiratory mucosa and produced in the paranasal sinuses of which bones? • ethmoid, maxillary, nasal, and sphenoid • frontal, ethmoid, nasal, and parietal • sphenoid, maxillary, lacrimal, and sphenoid • frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillary ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  5. Respiratory Functions and Conducting Structures:$200 Answer • Respiratory surfaces of the nasal cavity are cleared by mucus produced by the respiratory mucosa and produced in the paranasal sinuses of which bones? • ethmoid, maxillary, nasal, and sphenoid • frontal, ethmoid, nasal, and parietal • sphenoid, maxillary, lacrimal, and sphenoid • frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillary BACK TO GAME

  6. Respiratory Functions and Conducting Structures:$300 Question • Posterior support to the larynx is provided by which of the following? • the thyroid cartilage • the epiglottis • the trachealis muscle • the cricoid cartilage ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  7. Respiratory Functions and Conducting Structures:$300 Answer • Posterior support to the larynx is provided by which of the following? • the thyroid cartilage • the epiglottis • the trachealis muscle • the cricoid cartilage BACK TO GAME

  8. Respiratory Functions and Conducting Structures:$400 Question • Why are children's voices high-pitched? • The larynx is smaller with wide, long vocal cords. • The epiglottis is thinner and more elastic. • The larynx is smaller with slender, short vocalcords. • The elastic ligaments, which extend between the thyroid cartilage and arytenoid cartilages, are tighter. ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  9. Respiratory Functions and Conducting Structures:$400 Answer • Why are children's voices high-pitched? • The larynx is smaller with wide, long vocal cords. • The epiglottis is thinner and more elastic. • The larynx is smaller with slender, short vocal cords. • The elastic ligaments, which extend between the thyroid cartilage and arytenoid cartilages, are tighter. BACK TO GAME

  10. Respiratory Functions and Conducting Structures:$500 Question • Through which parts of the pharynx do food and drink normally pass during ingestion? • nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx • nasopharynx and oropharynx only • nasopharynx and laryngopharynx only • oropharynx and laryngopharynx only ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  11. Respiratory Functions and Conducting Structures:$500 Answer • Through which parts of the pharynx do food and drink normally pass during ingestion? • nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx • nasopharynx and oropharynx only • nasopharynx and laryngopharynx only • oropharynx and laryngopharynx only BACK TO GAME

  12. Alveoli and Lung Anatomy: $100 Question • Where do terminal bronchioles branch into respiratory bronchioles? • at the alveolar ducts • at the secondary bronchi • within a lobule • at the alveolar sacs ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  13. Alveoli and Lung Anatomy: $100 Answer • Where do terminal bronchioles branch into respiratory bronchioles? • at the alveolar ducts • at the secondary bronchi • within a lobule • at the alveolar sacs BACK TO GAME

  14. Alveoli and Lung Anatomy: $200 Question • Each lung contains about how many alveoli? • 100,000 • 750,000 • 1 million • 150 million ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  15. Alveoli and Lung Anatomy: $200 Answer • Each lung contains about how many alveoli? • 100,000 • 750,000 • 1 million • 150 million BACK TO GAME

  16. Alveoli and Lung Anatomy: $300 Question • What cells are known as dust cells? • septal cells • alveolar macrophages • squamous epithelial cells of the lungs • pleural cells ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  17. Alveoli and Lung Anatomy: $300 Answer • What cells are known as dust cells? • septal cells • alveolar macrophages • squamous epithelial cells of the lungs • pleural cells BACK TO GAME

  18. Alveoli and Lung Anatomy: $400 Question • Which portion of both lungs has grooves that mark the passage of large blood vessels and indentations of the pericardium? • apex • costal surface • mediastinal surface • base ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  19. Alveoli and Lung Anatomy: $400 Answer • Which portion of both lungs has grooves that mark the passage of large blood vessels and indentations of the pericardium? • apex • costal surface • mediastinal surface • base BACK TO GAME

  20. Alveoli and Lung Anatomy: $500 Question • Surfactant, which prevents alveolar collapse, is produced by which cells? • alveolar epithelial cells (pneumocytes type I) • septal cells (pneumocytes type II) • capillary epithelial cells • macrophages ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  21. Alveoli and Lung Anatomy: $500 Answer • Surfactant, which prevents alveolar collapse, is produced by which cells? • alveolar epithelial cells (pneumocytes type I) • septal cells (pneumocytes type II) • capillary epithelial cells • macrophages BACK TO GAME

  22. External and Internal Respiration/Gas Diffusion: $100 Question • The amount of air that remains in the lungs after a maximal exhalation is the • minimal volume. • residual volume. • expiratory reserve volume. • anatomical dead space. ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  23. External and Internal Respiration/Gas Diffusion: $100 Answer • The amount of air that remains in the lungs after a maximal exhalation is the • minimal volume. • residual volume. • expiratory reserve volume. • anatomical dead space. BACK TO GAME

  24. External and Internal Respiration/Gas Diffusion: $200 Question • Blood in the veins of the pulmonary circuit has a relatively high partial pressure of ________ and relatively low partial pressure of ________. • N2 ; O2 • CO2 ; N2 • CO2 ; O2 • O2 ; CO2 ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  25. External and Internal Respiration/Gas Diffusion: $200 Answer • Blood in the veins of the pulmonary circuit has a relatively high partial pressure of ________ and relatively low partial pressure of ________. • N2 ; O2 • CO2 ; N2 • CO2 ; O2 • O2 ; CO2 BACK TO GAME

  26. External and Internal Respiration/Gas Diffusion:$300 Question • At which point does thoracic cavity volume decrease and pressure inside rise? • during forced inhalation • during exhalation • at rest • during quiet inhalation ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  27. External and Internal Respiration/Gas Diffusion: $300 Answer • At which point does thoracic cavity volume decrease and pressure inside rise? • during forced inhalation • during exhalation • at rest • during quiet inhalation BACK TO GAME

  28. External and Internal Respiration/Gas Diffusion: $400 Question • Which of the following is not a component of vital capacity? • inspiratory reserve volume • tidal volume • residual volume • expiratory reserve volume ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  29. External and Internal Respiration/Gas Diffusion: $400 Answer • Which of the following is not a component of vital capacity? • inspiratory reserve volume • tidal volume • residual volume • expiratory reserve volume BACK TO GAME

  30. External and Internal Respiration/Gas Diffusion: $500 Question • Which muscles act to lower the rib cage? • sternocleidomastoid and external intercostals • internal intercostals and rectus abdominis • internal intercostals and sternocleidomastoid • external intercostals and rectus abdominis ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  31. External and Internal Respiration/Gas Diffusion: $500 Answer • Which muscles act to lower the rib cage? • sternocleidomastoid and external intercostals • internal intercostals and rectus abdominis • internal intercostals and sternocleidomastoid • external intercostals and rectus abdominis BACK TO GAME

  32. Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport: $100 Question • Which of the following gases has the lowest partial pressure in inhaled air? • water vapor • oxygen • nitrogen • carbon dioxide ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  33. Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport: $100 Answer • Which of the following gases has the lowest partial pressure in inhaled air? • water vapor • oxygen • nitrogen • carbon dioxide BACK TO GAME

  34. Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport: $200 Question • Nearly all the oxygen in the blood is carried • in the form of bicarbonate ions. • as oxygen gas dissolved in the plasma. • attached to iron atoms in the heme units of hemoglobin. • attached to hemoglobin at the same sites that bind carbon dioxide. ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  35. Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport: $200 Answer • Nearly all the oxygen in the blood is carried • in the form of bicarbonate ions. • as oxygen gas dissolved in the plasma. • attached to iron atoms in the heme units of hemoglobin. • attached to hemoglobin at the same sites that bind carbon dioxide. BACK TO GAME

  36. Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport: $300 Question • What happens to the majority of carbon dioxide molecules in plasma? • They are diffused out of erythrocytes. • They are absorbed by peripheral capillaries. • They are diffused into erythrocytes. • They are degraded by carbonic acid. ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  37. Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport: $300 Answer • What happens to the majority of carbon dioxide molecules in plasma? • They are diffused out of erythrocytes. • They are absorbed by peripheral capillaries. • They are diffused into erythrocytes. • They are degraded by carbonic acid. BACK TO GAME

  38. Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport: $400 Question • Which of the following statements is true regarding internal respiration? • Diffusion between the pulmonary capillaries and interstitial fluid increases the pO2 of blood and decreases its pCO2. • Diffusion between the systemic capillaries and interstitial fluid decreases the pO2 of blood and increases its pCO2. • Diffusion between the systemic capillaries and interstitial fluid increases the pO2 of blood and decreases its pCO2. • Diffusion between the pulmonary capillaries and interstitial fluid decreases the pO2 of blood and increases its pCO2. ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  39. Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport: $400 Answer • Which of the following statements is true regarding internal respiration? • Diffusion between the pulmonary capillaries and interstitial fluid raises the pO2 of blood and decreases its pCO2. • Diffusion between the systemic capillaries and interstitial fluid decreases the pO2 of blood and increases its pCO2. • Diffusion between the systemic capillaries and interstitial fluid increases the pO2 of blood and decreases its pCO2. • Diffusion between the pulmonary capillaries and interstitial fluid decreases the pO2 of blood and increases its pCO2. BACK TO GAME

  40. Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport: $500 Question • What occurs when the pH of interstitial fluid declines? • Hemoglobin molecules release their bound oxygen molecules more readily. • Body temperature declines and carbonic acid is readily formed, releasing oxygen molecules. • Hemoglobin molecules release their bound carbon dioxide molecules more readily. • Hemoglobin molecules bind their bound oxygen molecules more tightly. ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  41. Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport: $500 Answer • What occurs when the pH of interstitial fluid declines? • Hemoglobin molecules release their bound oxygen molecules more readily. • Body temperature declines and carbonic acid is readily formed, releasing oxygen molecules. • Hemoglobin molecules release their bound carbon dioxide molecules more readily. • Hemoglobin molecules bind their bound oxygen molecules more tightly. BACK TO GAME

  42. Respiratory Rate/Aging/Interactions: $100 Question • If peripheral tissue becomes more active, • pO2 falls and pCO2 rises. • pO2 rises and pCO2 falls. • pO2 and pCO2 both fall. • pO2 and pCO2 both rise. ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  43. Respiratory Rate/Aging/Interactions: $100 Answer • If peripheral tissue becomes more active, • pO2 falls and pCO2 rises. • pO2 rises and pCO2 falls. • pO2 and pCO2 both fall. • pO2 and pCO2 both rise. BACK TO GAME

  44. Respiratory Rate/Aging/Interactions: $200 Question • In which of the following is an expiratory center found? • at the carotid bodies • in the ventral respiratory group • at the pons • in the dorsal respiratory group ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  45. Respiratory Rate/Aging/Interactions: $200 Answer • In which of the following is an expiratory center found? • at the carotid bodies • in the ventral respiratory group • at the pons • in the dorsal respiratory group BACK TO GAME

  46. Respiratory Rate/Aging/Interactions: $300 Question • Which of the following factors will reduce the respiratory rate? • elevated body temperature • caffeine and amphetamine • decreased body temperature • decreased blood pH ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  47. Respiratory Rate/Aging/Interactions: $300 Answer • Which of the following factors will reduce the respiratory rate? • elevated body temperature • caffeine and amphetamine • decreased body temperature • decreased blood pH BACK TO GAME

  48. Respiratory Rate/Aging/Interactions: $400 Question • Which system transports carbon dioxide as bicarbonate ions, which helps the buffering capability of blood against pH changes? • cardiovascular system • digestive system • endocrine system • respiratory system ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  49. Respiratory Rate/Aging/Interactions: $400 Answer • Which system transports carbon dioxide as bicarbonate ions, which helps the buffering capability of blood against pH changes? • cardiovascular system • digestive system • endocrine system • respiratory system BACK TO GAME

  50. Respiratory Rate/Aging/Interactions: $500 Question • Which of the following statements is true regarding chemoreceptors? • Stimulation leads to a decrease in depth and rate of respiration. • Receptors in the medulla oblongata respond to pH, pCO2, and pO2 in CSF. • Aortic bodies are sensitive to pH, pCO2, and pO2in arterial blood. • Aortic bodies respond to pH, pCO2, and pO2 in venous blood. ANSWER BACK TO GAME

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