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Chapter 4 The Respiratory System

Chapter 4 The Respiratory System. 主 讲 人 黄铁柱. The General Description Composition. Respiratory tract Nose Pharynx upper respiratory tract Larynx Trachea lower respiratory tract Bronchi Paired Lungs Function. Up. Section 1 The Nose 鼻.

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Chapter 4 The Respiratory System

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  1. Chapter 4 The Respiratory System 主 讲 人 黄铁柱

  2. The General Description Composition Respiratory tract Nose Pharynx upper respiratory tract Larynx Trachea lower respiratory tract Bronchi Paired Lungs Function Up

  3. Section 1 The Nose 鼻 I.External nose: Root of nose Back of nose Apex of nose Alae of nasi II.Nasal cavity –divided into two halves by the nasal septum Little region Up

  4. Two parts: Nasal vestibule. Proper nasal cavity Lateral wall Nasal conchae Nasal meatus Sphenoethmoidal recess Up

  5. Remove the middle nasal conchae Semilunar hiatus Ethmoidal infundibulum Ethmoidal bulla Nasolacrimal canal Up

  6. Mucous membrane of nose • Olfactory region嗅区 • Respiratory region 呼吸区 Up

  7. Frontal sinus Ethmoidal sinuses Sphenoid sinus Maxillary sinus III.The paranasal sinuses and their site of drainage into the nose Up

  8. Section 2 The Larynx 喉 Position－situated in the anterior part of the neck (below the hyoid bone), and extends from vertebral level of C3 to C6 Up

  9. I.Layngeal cartilages (I)Thyroid cartilage Shield-shaped cartilage Laryngeal prominence (II)Cricoid cartilage Complete ring of cartilage (shaped like a signet ring) Up

  10. (III)Arytenoid Paired, pyramid shaped (IV)Epiglottic cartilage leaf-shaped elastic cartilage Up

  11. II.Laryngeal joints • Thyrohyroid membrane • cricothyroid joint • cricoarytenoid joint Up

  12. Quadrangular membrane • Conus elasticus • vocal ligament • Median cricothyroid ligment • Cricotracheal ligament Up

  13. III.Muscles of larynxIV .Laryngeal cavity (I)Aperture of larynx－bounded by upper border epiglottic cartilage, aryepiglottic folds and interarytenoid notch Up

  14. Structure features • Two folds : • Vestibular folds • Vocal folds • Two fissures Rima vestibulithe Fissure of glottis Intermembranous partIntercartilagrnous part Up

  15. (II)Threeparts • Laryngeal vestibule • Intermedial cavity of larynx • Ventricle of larynx • Infraglottic cavity Up

  16. Section 3 The Trachea and Bronchi I.Trachea Position • Structure features • Consists of about 16－20 C-shaped incomplete tracheal cartilages • Carina of trachea Up

  17. II.Bronchi Right principal bronchus Shorter, wider, and morevertical Left principal bronchus Narrower, longer, and more horizontal Up

  18. Section 4 The Lungs Position General features • Cone-shaped • An Apex of lung • A Base of lung • Three surfaces • Three borders Up

  19. Medial surface • Hilum of lung • Root of lung • Order of structures From before backward: V.A.B. From above downward: • R.－B. A. V. • L.－A. B. V. Up

  20. Lobes and Fissure • Right lung • Two fissures : horizontal and oblique • Three lobes • Left lung • One fissure : oblique • Two lobes Up

  21. III. The Bronchial treeIV .Bronchopulmonary segments Up

  22. Section 5The Pleura General features • Serous membranes forming closed sacs • Two layers • Visceral pleura－adheres to lung • Parietal pleura－lines the thoracic cavity Up

  23. pleural cavity: Two pleural layers continue with each other at root of lung formed a closed potential space • Contains a small amount of pleural fluid • Subatmospheric pressure in it

  24. I.Named parts of parietal pleura • Cupula of pleura • Costal pleura • Mediastinal pleura • Diaphragmatic pleura

  25. II.Pleura recesses • Costodiaphragmatic recesse They are the slit-like intervals and the lowest points of pleural cavities • Costomediastinal recess 肋纵隔隐窝

  26. Up

  27. III.The surface projection of lower border of lung and pleurae Up

  28. Up

  29. Section 6The mediastinum 1.Definition 2.Divisions Up

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