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WECC JSIS Meeting Salt Lake City, UT September 10, 2014

Non-iterative voltage stability analysis methods and prototype software for multi-path rating Yuri V. Makarov. WECC JSIS Meeting Salt Lake City, UT September 10, 2014. Project Team. Dr. Bharat Vyakaranam – Research Engineer, Power Systems, PNNL

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WECC JSIS Meeting Salt Lake City, UT September 10, 2014

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  1. Non-iterative voltage stability analysis methods and prototype software for multi-path ratingYuri V. Makarov WECC JSIS Meeting Salt Lake City, UT September 10, 2014

  2. Project Team • Dr. Bharat Vyakaranam – Research Engineer, Power Systems, PNNL • Dr. Da Meng – Research Engineer, Power Systems, PNNL • Dr. Pavel Etingov – Research Engineer, Power Systems, PNNL • Dr. Tony Nguyen – Research Engineer, Power Systems, PNNL • Dr. Di Wu - Research Engineer, Power Systems, PNNL • Dr. Zhangshuan (Jason) Hou – Exploratory data analyses and uncertainty quantification, PNNL • Dr. Shaobu Wang - Research Engineer, Power Systems, PNNL • Dr. Steve Elbert – High Performance Computing, PNNL • Dr. Laurie Miller – Research Engineer, Power Systems, PNNL • Dr. Yuri Makarov – PM, Chief Scientist, Power Systems, PNNL • Advisors: • Dr. Zhenyu (Henry) Huang • Dr. Ruisheng Diao • Dr. Mark Morgan Acknowledgement: DOE ARPA-E and DOE OE Office Acknowledgements: DOE ARPA-E (Tim Heidel and Sameh Elsharkawy) and DOE OE Office (Gil Bindewald)

  3. Overview - 1 • Research Objectives • New non-iterative methods for multi-parameter voltage stability assessment (VSA) in near-real-time. • Multi-path rating application. • Answers will be given: • How far the system is from instability and blackout? • What are the most critical contingencies and system elements? • What needs to be done to increase the security margin in real time? • What is the time remaining for a possible violation? - Future Voltage stability boundary of a simple system and its projections. Source: Hiskens and Davy

  4. Overview - 2 • Background/Problem: • Different parts of the VS boundary (VSB) correspond to increasingly variable stress directions caused by changing load-generation patterns, contingencies, market forces, cooperation between system operators, variable generation, etc. • Computational time becomes critically important for: • Real-time analyses • Massive contingency screenings • Simulations of blackouts and cascading • Probabilistic methods • Synchrophasor-based applications, and • Traditional methods (e.g., continuation power flow - CPF) are: • Computationally intensive, • Limited by a few stress directions • Based on simplifications, • Sensitive to initial guesses. Path 1 Path 3 Path 2 Continuation power flow process: π – predictor; σ – corrector.

  5. Overview - 3 • Benefits and Impacts: • Enhanced situation awareness • Early detection of system instability, • Improved reliability • Actionable information, • Prevention of system blackouts, and • Better utilization of transmission assets. • Other benefits: • VSB visibility for multiple paths and contingencies • Developing real-time and HPC applications • Accurate and flexible quantification of the VS margins • Wide-area view on voltage stability • Potential for predictive/preventive control • Potential for close-loop automatic emergency control systems.

  6. Security Margin and Control Direction • Security margin ║ξd║ provides situation awareness • Control vector ξd provides actionable information • Constraints applied to control parameters and their priorities can be incorporated.

  7. Approach -1 “ORBITING” • We are using powerful methods to explore voltage stability boundary (VSB) • Orbiting method • Each iteration produces a new VSB point • We do not have to repeat continuation power flow for each VSB point! • Is very fast and accurate 1 2 3 Path 2 CPF 2-D “Slice” of n-D Voltage Stability Boundary Path 1

  8. Providing Connectivity With PowerWorld Input: Three System Models Tested • Central America • Interconnection of Panama, Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua, El Salvador, and Guatemala systems • 1985 buses • 2298 branches • California ISO • 3535 buses • 4402 branches • Western Electricity Coordinating Council planning model • 19331 buses • 22946 branches

  9. Simulation Results- Central America • CPF run for one VSB point • 7.6963 s • BOM run • 0.1655 s

  10. Simulation Times

  11. Accuracy Comparison With PowerWorld 11

  12. Connections with Previous, Existing, and Future Funded Projects and Outreach Activities University of Sydney, Australia, ARC grant X-ray theorem and Delta-plane method, 1993-1997 PNNL DOE ARPA-E project Non-wire methods FY 2013-2015 PNNL DOE OE project Non-iterative voltage stability PNNL LDRD project Further development of Non-iterative voltage stability analysis method PNNL CEC/ CERTS /EPG project Voltage stability orbiting procedure Further outreach, technology transfer & commercialization: Utilities and ISOs: BPA, … Software Vendors: PowerWorld, … Consulting Companies: Quanta Technologies, … Cost Sharing PNNL DOE OE project Wide-area security region PNNL BPA project Wide-area security nomogram

  13. ARPA-E 0670-4106 Multi-path Near-Real-Time Path Rating: General Project Progress and Updates Team: PNNL (Prime): Henry Huang, Ruisheng Diao, Shuangshuang Jin, Yuri Makarov, Yousu Chen Quanta Technology (Sub-Prime): Guorui Zhang PowerWorld: James Weber Bonneville Power Administration: James Wong, Brian Tuck

  14. Transmission congestion cost • Incur significant economic cost • 2010: >$1.1 billion congestion cost at New York ISO [1] • 2010: $ 1.43 billion congestion cost PJM-wide [2] [1] NYISO, “2011 Congestion Assessment and Resource Integration Study”, March 2012 [2] PJM, “Congestion and the PJM Regional Transmission Expansion Plan”, Dec. 2011

  15. Means of congestion management • Three traditional means of congestion management (all require capital investment) [3]: • Build more generation close to load centers. • Reduce load through energy efficiency and demand reduction programs. • Build more transmission capacity in appropriate locations. • Near-real-time approaches: • Generation redispatch (additional cost) • Dynamic Line Rating (DLR), thermal limited • Validated at RTE, France and Oncor, TX • Real-time path rating, security/stability limited • Validated concept at BPA, CAISO and ERCOT • No tools available due to intensive computational requirements using existing techniques [3] 2012 National Electric Transmission Congestion Study. David Meyer, U.S. Department of Energy, August 2012.

  16. Real-time path rating • Current Path Rating Practice and Limitations • Offline studies – months or a year ahead of the operating season • Worst-case scenario • Ratings are static for the operating season  The result: conservative (most of the time) path rating, leading to artificial transmission congestion • Real-Time Path Rating • On-line studies • Current operating scenarios • Ratings are dynamic based on real-time operating conditions  The result: realistic path rating, leading to maximum use of transmission assets and relieving transmission congestion

  17. Benefits of real-time path rating • Increase transfer capability of existing power network and enable additional energy transactions • Reduce total generation/consumer cost • Avoid unnecessary flow curtailment for emergency support, e.g. wind uncertainties • Enable dynamic transfer • Enhance system situational awareness

  18. Technical Approach and Objective Technology Summary • Develop HPC based transient and voltage stability simulation with innovative mathematical methods • Develop HPC based real-time path rating capability with predictability and uncertainty quantification • Develop advanced congestion management methods with hierarchical coordination and optimized control • Demonstrate the non-wire method on a commercial software platform with real-life power system scenarios Proposed Targets

  19. Project management and coordination • Industry Advisory Board: • José Conto - Principal Engineer, Electric Reliability Council of Texas • Anthony Johnson - Consulting Engineer, Southern California Edison • Xiaochuan Luo - Technical Manager, ISO-New England • Joshua Shultz - TVA • Dede Subakti - Director, Operations Engineering Services, CAISO

  20. Current activities • Project team actively working on recent deliverables • Fast dynamic simulation • Implemented full Y matrix for network solution • Tested and compared different linear solvers • Non-iterative voltage stability method • Improved MATLAB code for better accuracy and speed • Accuracy validated against a commercial package, PowerWorld Simulator • Developed multiple path rating studies procedure • Defined interface functions for software integration

  21. Chart 1

  22. Chart 2

  23. Final products

  24. Questions?

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