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Sections 16.1-2 Acids and Bases and pH

Sections 16.1-2 Acids and Bases and pH. Bill Vining SUNY Oneonta. Equilibrium systems. Acid base Precipitation Complexation Simultaneous Equilibria. Acid-Base Equilibria pH and pOH Relationship of Conjugate Pair acid-base strength. When acids or bases control pH: determine K

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Sections 16.1-2 Acids and Bases and pH

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  1. Sections 16.1-2Acids and Bases and pH Bill Vining SUNY Oneonta

  2. Equilibrium systems Acid base Precipitation Complexation Simultaneous Equilibria

  3. Acid-Base Equilibria • pH and pOH • Relationship of Conjugate Pair acid-base strength. • When acids or bases control pH: • determine K • predict pH • When pH controls acid/base state: • predict acid/base state • use acid/base state to determine pH • Buffer action • pH titration curves

  4. Bronsted Acids and Bases Bronsted Acid: H+ (proton) donor Bronsted Base: H+ acceptor Acid-Base reactions: H+ transfer reaction Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs: acid conjugate base HF F- NH4+ NH3

  5. What is the conjugate base of HNO2? • H2NO2+ • HNO3 • NO2-

  6. What is the conjugate acid of HPO42-? • H2PO4- • H3PO4 • PO43-

  7. What is the conjugate base of HPO42-? • H2PO4- • H3PO4 • PO43- What is the conjugate acid of HPO42-? • H2PO4- • H3PO4 • PO43-

  8. pH/pOHRelationships and Calculations [H3O+][OH-] = 1.0 x 10-14 pH = -log[H3O+] pOH= -log[OH-] [H3O+] = 10-pH [OH-] = 10-pH pH + pOH = 14.00

  9. Neutral, Acidicand Basic Solutions Neutral Acidic Basic

  10. What is [H3O+] when [OH-] = 5.4 x 10-3 M?

  11. What is the pH of a solution with [H3O+] = 4.6 x 10-5 M?

  12. What is [H3O+] in a solution with pH = 8.24?

  13. What is the pOH of a solution with [OH-] = 3.3 x 10-4 M?

  14. What is the pH of a solution with [OH-] = 2.4 x 10-3 M?

  15. Strong acids and bases For strong acid solutions, [H3O+] = [acid] (except for H2SO4) For strong bases LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, [OH-] = [base] For strong bases Ca(OH)2, Ba(OH)2, etc., [OH-] = 2 x [base]

  16. What is the pH of a 0.150 M solution of HCl?

  17. What is the pH of a 0.150 M solution of Ca(OH)2?

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