The Jazz Age

1. The Jazz Age

2. Jazz Age Notes Lenin’s communist revolution called for workers to overthrow the govts in capitalist countries around the world The govt owns everything in a Communist country. Private property is not allowed. Govt sets prices instead of competition. THE RED SCARE Period of Anticommunist hysteria across America after World War 1 from 1919-1920 Sacco & Vanzetti were 2 immigrants convicted of murder without evidence. Mainly because of their unpopular political beliefs. Atty General A. Mitchell Palmer prosecuted 1000s of immigrants and suspected anarchists after his home was bombed

3. Quota System – Arrangement that limited the number of immigrants who could enter the U.S. from specific countries How does this cartoon apply to the Red Scare?

4. “ANARCHY” What will these 3 things do to the United States? “REDS” “BOLSHEVISM”

5. The Red Scare • According to this cartoonist, who is responsible for the Steel Strike in America? • Why would Americans have been afraid of Communism in 1919?

6. 1920’s Strikes • Demanded higher wages and shorter workday hours – strikes across America • 2 of the Biggest Strikes: • Seattle, WA – THE ENTIRE CITY WAS SHUT DOWN • Boston Police Dept. – NO LAW ENFORCEMENT!!!

7. The Jazz Age/Roaring 20’s • 1920 – 1929 • After World War I, our Armed Forces De-Mobilized and our economy suffered a short depression. • Transition from wartime to peace time production levels – 4.5 million men who were drafted by the Selective Service Act returned home and needed jobs • Short Depression and Then, during the 1920’s, the U.S. economy BOOMED!

8. Republican Presidents in the 1920’sWarren G. Harding (1921 – 1923) • Promised “Return to Normalcy” after WWI • Isolationist • Corrupt administration because of the SPOILS SYSTEM • Teapot Dome Scandal • Died of Heart Attack

9. Harding’s Teapot Dome Scandal • Harding appointed close friends to control the Naval Oil Reserves in Teapot Dome, Wyoming • They leased the fields to their friends and the Oil was sold for profit • U.S. Secretary of the Interior, Albert Fall, made a lot of $$$$$ in KICKBACKS from the Oil Companies that profited from the use of these government resources – ILLEGAL

10. What person will this Oil Scandal eventually destroy, according to the cartoon?

11. Republican Presidents in the 1920’sCalvin Coolidge (1923 – 1929) • Supported policies that freed businesses from govt influence, believed in laissez-faire capitalism • Kellogg-Briand Pact – agreement by 15 nations to outlaw war, Too hard to enforce, fell apart • Last President to Cut Taxes & Reduce the National Debt at the Same time

12. DON’T COPY – U.S. National Debt • The federal govt borrows money to pay for things that aren’t covered by the taxes we pay. • In 2008, the U.S. government collected $2,500,000,000,000(TRILLION!) in taxes and other revenues… • AND THAT WASN’T ENOUGH! • …we spent almost $3,000,000,000,000(TRILLION)!!! • That’s $500,000,000,000 (500 BILLION) of debt for JUST ONE YEAR!!! COPY: Deficit – Amount of $$ needed to meet expenses in any given year. COPY: Debt – Accumulated total of deficits over time.

13. U.S. National Debt • Some of our government’s bigger expenses: • Wars in Iraq & Afghanistan (2002 – Present) • Social Security – Retirement Checks, Unemployment Checks, and Disability Payments • Medicaid/Medicare – Health Insurance for Approx 98 Million People • Salaries for Government jobs • Aid $ to Banks, Insurance Companies and other big businesses in the Bailouts after the 2008 Stock Market Crash • Laws passed by Congress to “Stimulate” the Economy

14. Our Government Owes… • $15,000,000,000,000 • How much is this??? • How will we pay off this debt???

15. Republican Presidents of the 1920’sHerbert Hoover (1929 – 1933) • Believed in the “Self-Made” Man and Rugged Individualism • only hard work will make you successful • Director of Food Programs in WWI & Sec. of Commerce during Coolidge’s term • Very popular when elected • President during the Stock Market Crash on Black Tuesday (Oct 29, 1929). • VERY unpopular by the end of his term

16. Roaring 20’s Culture = GOOD TIMES!!! 1.Buying on Credit • Americans began to use credit for purchases much more frequently. Many new products are available, but people borrow too much money and have too much debt. • Installment plan – buying an item by making monthly payments, with interest added to each payment • People bought things they could not afford • Things bought on credit: toasters, coffee pots, vacuums, telephones, houses, cars

17. 2. Henry Ford • Model T – invented in 1907. Black was the only color - $390 • Ford invented the Assembly Line, which made production cheaper, lowered the cost of the car, made factory work safer for workers • New businesses: Car Dealerships, Service stations, restaurants, motels

18. BELLRINGER Does Prohibition work??? Should other substances that are banned by law be allowed??? Read this opinion article from the New York Times below about legalizing marijuana and we will discuss as a class. You will need 2 colors, markers or a highlighter for the Bellringer.

19. 3. Prohibition 1918 – 1933 Volstead Act (National Prohibition Act) – 1918 law that enforced the 18th Amendment • The 18th Amendment outlawed alcohol • Led to Organized Crime (Mafia/Mob) • Bootleggers – supplied illegal alcohol • Speakeasies – illegal bars, hidden with secret entrances • Alcohol sales controlled by mafia

20. Al Capone • Chicago Mafia Boss • Avoided jail by paying off police and judges • Finally jailed for Tax Evasion

21. 4. Flappers • Bold, rebellious young women • Wore short dresses, short hair, smoked & drank in public • Society changes

22. 5. Hollywood • Originally built by a prohibitionist who wanted to create a moral town • Filmmakers loved the climate • Movies become very popular

23. 6. The Lost Generation • Group of American writers that believed they were lost in a greedy, materialistic society that lacked morals • Ernest Hemingway • F. Scott Fitzgerald

24. 7. Jazz Music • Grew out of African-American music in the South • Mixture of Ragtime and Blues • 2/3 of all radio time was devoted to Jazz • Harlem (NYC) – best place to listen to jazz

25. 7. The Harlem Renaissance • African-American artistic, musical and literary movement centered in Harlem (NYC) • Consequence of the new freedoms gained after the movement of the Great Migration

26. Harlem Renaissance – Zora Neale Hurston • Their Eyes Were Watching God – 1937 • Collected folk tales from the South and wrote about the longing for independence that black and white women held • "two things everbody's got tuh do fuh theyselves. They got tuh go tuh God, and they got tuh find out about livin' fuh theyselves."

27. 8. The Scopes Trial • The “Monkey Trial” shows a change in US society • Many schools banned the teaching of evolution because it contradicted peoples’ beliefs (Creationism story from the Bible) • The ACLU offered to defend any teacher who would teach the theory and was arrested • John Scopes was arrested in TN for teaching about evolution in his science class • Broadcast over the radio • Scopes is found guilty – ACLU pays his fines We will finish our 1st Semester Notes today!!!

28. 9. Ku Klux Klan • Nativist group that saw immigrants and other ethnic groups as a threat to American culture • Terrorized African-Americans by beating and killing those that tried to exercise their rights • Lynching – use of violence usually resulting in death (hanging)

29. Great Migration 1915 - 1930 • Northern Industrial jobs opened up during World War I, creating a need for new workers • African Americans moved North to escape harassment by the KKK. • They were escaping violence and looking for better career opportunities.

30. 1920’s Heroes1.Charles Lindbergh • Flew nonstop from NY to Paris, France • No Co-Pilot, No Computer, 33 ½ hours • Very famous afterwards, Won $25,000 • Child was kidnapped and killed “The Crime of the Century”

31. 2. Amelia Earhart • 1st Woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean • Disappeared in 1937, somewhere over the Pacific Ocean in an attempt to be the first pilot ever to fly around the world

32. Amelia Earhart’s Last Flight CHINA HAWAII ????? AUSTRALIA

33. 3. Babe Ruth • Baseball became “America’s Pastime” • Hit 61 HRs in 1 season, more than ALL the other TEAMS combined • 714 career HRs, record held until the 1970s (Broken by Hank Aaron) STOP – End of 1st Semester Notes. Jazz Age Test Friday/Monday. STUDY!!!

34. Choose a group to be in to act out a skit about Black Tuesday. • Stock Brokers – Go stand by the window • Bankers – Come stand by the board • Factory Workers – Stand by the door

35. How Does the Stock Market Work??? The same concept works for the Stock Market. The New York Stock Exchange

36. Buying Stock is Risky!!! Companies sell stock to raise money to run their businesses. People buy stock so they can resell it later at a higher price. When companies grow and make more profit, they are worth more money. The value of 1 share of stock is constantly changing as people buy and sell shares in different companies. But, this is a gamble! If the value goes down you won’t be able to sell the stock for the amount purchased.

37. How does the Stock Market CRASH? Businesses and farms overproduce because of new technology. 2. Stock prices fall when these businesses suffer. Many of them close. 3. Investors lose money as businesses suffer. 4. Many of these investors can’t pay back their loans to the bank. (They Bought on Margin!) 6. Investors sell off their remaining shares to try and pay back what they can. 5.When banks don’t get their loan payments, they evict.

38. Black Tuesday – October 29, 1929 7. The market collapses due to panic selling. BLACK TUESDAY 8. Companies that lose all their stock value have to close. Effects middle class people that didn’t own stocks. 9. Banks close because they run out of money. No one can afford to pay back their loans.

39. 4 Warning Signs of the Coming Great Depression – • Overproduction in Factories – prices & profits drop – workers laid off • Overproduction in Farms – prices & profits drop – farms close • Too Much Personal Debt • Buying on Margin • When investors borrow money to purchase stocks. Reading Assignment: The Great Boom and The Big Crash. Read, Answer the 3 Reviewing the Reading Questions at the end and then write 1 paragraph about all the different types of middle class Americans that owned stock in 1929. Or if you talk, answer the 3 questions and then write a 5 paragraph essay about a stock broker who bought on margin and lost it all in the Crash.

40. Another problem – The Dust Bowl Take a copy of – “The Dust Bowl” • Massive drought and dust storms in the Great Plains during the 1930s • Due to poor farming practices, and… • Drought that lasted for years • Dust storms blacked out EVERYTHING!

41. The Dust Bowl • “Okies” – Great Plains farmers who lost everything, packed their belongings into their Ford, and traveled West to California for a job • The dust storms were so large the clouds carried the debris thousands of miles • Red Snow in Boston and New York • Oklahoma lost 15% of its total population

42. President Hoover Responds • He didn't believe that the govt should play an active role in sustaining the economy • Hoover believed in VOLUNTEERISM. Charity would help Americans through the Depression until the economy came back. • DON’T USE THEGOVT TO CONTROL THE ECONOMY. It wouldn’t end the Depression and would make life worse because: • It would kill American work ethic • It would give the Govt too much power

43. President Hoover Responds • In early 1931, these measures appeared successful, but then......the TARIFF WARS • Hoover teamed up with the Democrats in Congress to pass a high tariff (SMOOT- HAWLEY TARIFF) to protect U.S. industry (hoped to stimulate purchasing of U.S. goods) • This turned out to be a fatal error... • Congress did not understand that the world had become a GLOBAL ECONOMY • Other countries retaliated by passing high tariffs.No foreign markets purchased American goods, so U.S. productivity decreased AGAIN.

44. President Hoover Responds • Hoover was increasingly unpopular, but he continued to try... He changed his philosophy and persuaded Congress to establish the govt run loan agency called THE RECONSTRUCTION FINANCE CORPORATION (RFC) • Made emergency loans to banks and other big businesses hoping they could hire more workers • but it was too little too late… • And, Hoover wouldn't involve himself in any programs of direct govt aid to individuals.

45. President Hoover Responds • Hoover also approved the construction of some Public Works Projects. (Govt construction jobs) • The best example of this was the World’s largest hydroelectric dam, the Hoover Dam. • These projects did help some, but they did not put enough people to work to end the depression.

46. President Hoover Responds • People were frustrated - isolated protest movements • EX: Dairy farmers frustrated w/low price of milk refuse to sell (dump it) • WW1 veterans “BONUS ARMY” (pensions discontinued by congress) march on Washington = BONUS MARCH. They reached Washington by 1931, set up Shantytowns made of garbage scraps (HOOVERVILLES) Food scraps = HOOVER-MEALS & Hitchhiking journeys = HOOVER RIDES • After one year they were confronted forcibly removed by the Army (MacArthur/Eisenhower)