Supporting REDD+ in Bangladesh

1. Supporting REDD+ in Bangladesh Matieu Henry Dhaka, October 25h 2011

2. Content • UNREDD country support • REDD+ history • REDD+ activities • Multiphase implementation of REDD+ • Forest Monitoring System • MRV system • Conclusion

3. 1. UN-REDD Country Support The Programme currently has 35 partner countries spanning Africa, Asia-Pacific and Latin America, of which 14 are receiving support to National Programme activities. • Country-lead process: countries must request support • FAO: Focus on technical monitoring and MRV

4. UNREDD web site: Access the information from the other UN-REDD pilot and partner countries

5. 2. REDD+ and UNFCCC COP 15: Copenhagen - Decision on methodological guidance COP 11: REDD is back to the agenda COP7: the Marrakesh accords: REDD is removed from LULUCF COP 16: Cancun agreements – the REDD+ mechanism is launched The Kyoto protocol – discussion on LULUCF COP 13: The Bali Action Plan (REDD) 1997 2001 2004 2007 2010 SBSTA 29 (Poznan): the concept of REDD+ is introduced Idea of compensating for reducing national rates of deforestation

6. 2. REDD+ and UNFCCC ARTICLE 4 of the UNFCCC: COMMITMENTS All Parties, taking into account their common but differentiated responsibilities and their specific national and regional development priorities, objectives and circumstances, shall: (a) Develop, periodically update, publish and make available to the Conference of the Parties, in accordance with Article 12, national inventories of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of all greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol, using comparable methodologies to be agreed upon by the Conference of the Parties;

7. 2. REDD+ and UNFCCC Bangladesh12 November 2002

8. 2. REDD+ and UNFCCC (b) Enhanced national/international action […] (ii) Nationally appropriate mitigation actions by developing country Parties in the context of sustainable development, supported and enabled by technology, financing and capacity-building, in a measurable, reportable and verifiable manner; (iii) Policy approaches and positive incentives on issues relating to reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries; and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries;

9. 2. REDD+ and UNFCCC Article 1 (c): To use the most recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change guidance and guidelines, as adopted or encouraged by the Conference of the Parties, as appropriate, as a basis for estimating anthropogenic forest-related greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks, forest carbon stocks and forest area changes;

10. 2. REDD+ and UNFCCC • Article 1 (d): To establish, according to national circumstances and capabilities, robust and transparent national forest monitoring systems and, if appropriate, sub-national systems as part of national monitoring systems that: (i) Use a combination of remote sensing and ground-based forest carbon inventory approaches for estimating, as appropriate, anthropogenic forest-related greenhouse gasemissions by sources and removals by sinks, forest carbon stocks and forest area changes; (ii) Provide estimates that are transparent, consistent, as far as possible accurate, and that reduce uncertainties, taking into account national capabilities and capacities; (iii) Are transparent and their results are available and suitable for review as agreed by the Conference of the Parties;

11. The IPCC basic equation to estimates GHGs emission from land use related activities Emissions = AD • EF AD = Activity Data EF = Emission Factors A monitoring system under UNFCCC will have to provide data on forest area and forest area changes and also on carbon stock and carbon stock changes

12. Activity Data • Definition • Activity Data refers to the area extent of a land use category/ subcategory and to its area changes on time (e.g. changes in land use area) (ha.yr-1). • To report on the area changes countries should stratify their territory into homogeneous land categories/subcategories.

13. Emission Factors • Definition • Is a coefficient that quantifies the emissions or removals in areas undergoing human induced changes. (eqCO2.ha-1) • Emission factors are quantified through changes in carbon stocks in the pools considered by the IPCC.

14. 2. Cancun Agreements New mechanisms for mitigation actions in non-Annex I Parties Annex II National appropriate mitigation actions by developing country parties (NAMAs) • developing countries also contributes to climate change • capacity building provided depending on financial and technical supports • national communications have to be enhanced + every two years update reports (para 60 c.) • mitigation actions will be measured, reported and verified and subject to international verification in accordance with the guidelines developed under the Convention

15. 2. Cancun Agreements New mechanisms for mitigation actions in non-Annex I Parties Para 71 When undertaking activities referred to in paragraph 70 of this decision, the following safeguards should be promoted and supported: [...] (e) Actions are consistent with the conservation of natural forests and biological diversity, [...] (f) Actions to address the risks of reversals; (g) Actions to reduce displacement of emissions.

16. Deforestation REDD+ potential activities 3. REDD+ activities Conservation SMF Enhancement of FCS Deforestation Degradation Enhancement of forest C stock

17. 4. Multiphase implementation of REDD+ Phase I Readiness Phase II Result based activities Implemented by predictable funding Phase III Payments for verified performance REDD+ PHASES Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Capacity building & development MRV System LMS: AD NFI: EF GHG Inventory CO2e LMS MRV PHASES Monitoring of Policies & Measures Monitoring of Demonstration Activities This is a transition phase focusing on the implementation of results-based demonstration activities. The net outcomes of these activities will be assessed by a Land Monitoring System (LMS). The LMS will also contribute to providing information on some of the REDD+ Safeguards. REDD+ will be fully integrated with other mitigation mechanisms under UNFCCC. The MRV System will become fully operational. Activity data (AD) and emission factors (EF) will be assessed to generate the national GHG inventory. This will require a LMS and National Forest Inventory (NFI) becoming fully operational. This Phase will result in payments for verified performance. The results will be verified by a roster of experts coordinated by the UNFCCC Secretariat. Countries will need to define their national system for forest monitoring forest, safeguard’s information and MRV and initiate capacity building of all the institutions involved, with a view to operationalising these institutional arrangements in Phase II. Another area of work I is the development of a national framework for REDD+ Policies and Measures.

18. 4. Multiphase implementation of REDD+ • National REDD+ process (Phases 1 & 2): • To access REDD+ finance (Phase 3): Need a monitoring system Need an MRV system For performance-based payments

19. 5. Forest Monitoring System Acquisition Management Reporting Development Interpretation Country boundaries Verification • Crucial element to monitor the implementation of the REDD+ policies and measures • Provide forest cover area change data using remote sensing. • Operationalisation will be required in Phase 2 to provide RS monitoring data of sub-national demonstration activities and national coverage data for basic land use indicators. • should become fully operational in Phase 3.

20. INPE forest monitoring system for Brazilian Amazon Main elements of the system: PRODES – Amazon Deforestation Monitoring Project Brazilian Amazon Deforestation Assessment DETER – Near real time Deforestation Detection with MODIS Support for Law Enforcement for Deforestation Control DEGRAD – Amazon Degradation Monitoring Project TERRA-AMAZON: Platform managing all operations using a unique corporate database in a distributed and concurrent environment Main elements of the system: PRODES – Amazon Deforestation Monitoring Project Brazilian Amazon Deforestation Assessment DETER – Near real time Deforestation Detection with MODIS Support for Law Enforcement for Deforestation Control DEGRAD – Amazon Degradation Monitoring Project TERRA-AMAZON: Platform managing all operations using a unique corporate database in a distributed and concurrent environment

21. 5. Forest Monitoring System http://www.dpi.inpe.br/prodesdigital/prodes.php NOT RELATED TO CARBON

22. Multidata approach DMC CCD/CBERS LANDSAT LANDSAT CBERS SISPRODES State boundaries

23. 5. MRV System LULUCF Inventory UNFCCC Inventory compilation QA/QC Emission Inventory Database 2005 GHG inventory Satellite monitoring system National Forest Inventory x = The purposes of an MRV System are: -to assess and report on anthropogenic GHG emissions by sources and removals by sinks related to forest land during the third phase of REDD+ - to enable identification and tracking of actions and processes related to the 5 REDD+ activities, following the most recently adopted or encouraged IPCC methodological approaches.

24. 5. MRV System National Forest Inventory Emission Factor Assessing biomass, carbon stocks and emission factors. The data are mainly obtained from a national forest inventory. Forest classification and sampling design improves the accuracy and the efficiency of the inventory. M EF . The data are stored and harmonized into a REDD+ database. The data on forest land area are used to develop matrices representing the changes between land uses and within the forest land area R Verification of the forest cover change data using ground measurements and high resolution satellite imageries. The verification can be done by several institutions including the civil society. V

25. 5. MRV System Emission Factor Method 1 Method 2

26. Deforestation 7. CONCLUSION Feasibility Adaptability Adoptability Actions and activities (in and outside forests) Benefit Distribution System Conservation Policies and measures FORESTS INFORMATION • Consistency with the objectives of national forest programmes • Respect rights of indigenous people • Participative approach • Risk of reversals • Reduce displacement Policy and decision makers SMF Financial mechanisms Enhancement of FCS Deforestation Degradation Satellite Forest monitoring System National Forest Inventory International community and donor countries GHG inventory Enhancement of forest C stock MRV SYSTEM

27. 7. CONCLUSION Geospatial information Estimating Livestock Archiving National system for GHG inventory Forest inventory QA/QC and verification Soil properties Planning Managing

28. Do you have the necessary institutional arrangements to identify the mandate of each institution, and allow the permanent exchange of the data? REDD+ Coordination (connected with President Office) National Communication Agency A Spatial database Verification NFI data (diameter, tree height etc.) Internal independent evaluation Emissions = AD • EF AD = Activity Data EF = Emission Factors Do you have a database and an archiving system to store the data and allow a transparent access to the different institutions? Tree species database Land Satellite Monitoring System Agency D National Forest Inventory Agency C GHG National Inventory Agency B Allometric functions Wood density data Does the different institution use the same definitions and classification? Quality Assurance Quality Control

29. Do you have a system to monitoring forest land use change? Do you have a database for satellite imageries? Do you have a Web-GIS interface to allow the transparent access of the data? Do you have a national forest inventory and the adequate allometric model to assess biomass and carbon stocks?

30. Thank you for your attention!