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Exploring Minerals: Characteristics and Uses

Dive into the world of minerals with this interactive lesson! Understand mineral properties, identification methods, and their everyday applications.

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Exploring Minerals: Characteristics and Uses

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  1. Question of the Day – 2/7/14 • Grab 2 papers • 1. Does this mineral have fracture or cleavage? • A. Fracture • B. Cleavage • 2. Does this mineral have metallic or non-metallic luster? A. Metallic B. Non-metallic

  2. Question of the Day What are some minerals you know of or use?

  3. Chapter 4 - Minerals Geology Unit

  4. Cartoon

  5. Learning Targets • You will understand the characteristics of minerals. • You will be able to pick out things from your everyday lives that are made of minerals.

  6. Question of the Day – 2/6/14 • 1. Which of the following is a reason why petroleum (like what gasoline is made from) is not a mineral? • A. It is inorganic B. You can burn it • B. It is organic C. It occurs naturally • 2. Which of the choices below would define a mineral’s luster? • A. The kind of mark it leaves on a porcelain plate • B. How it feels – soapy, smooth, rough, greasy, etc • C. How easily the mineral can be scratched • D. How well it reflects light

  7. What is a Mineral? • Earth’s crust is composed of 99% minerals • These are all made from different combinations of the same 8 elements. • Building Blocks of all Rocks • A mineral is a naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a specific chemical composition and a definite crystalline structure • Exp of minerals: diamonds, rubies, sapphires

  8. Mineral Definition • Naturally occurring and inorganic • Minerals are formed by natural processes • Inorganic means minerals are not a living organism • Solids with specific compositions • Most minerals are made of compounds • Definite crystalline structure • The atoms in minerals are arranged in regular geometric patterns

  9. products that are made from minerals; copper, iron, Make-Up, computer chips, cars, cell phones, etc.

  10. Crystal Cartoon

  11. Mineral Identification

  12. Color • Color is sometimes caused by trace elements or compounds within an element • Exp: Quartz comes in many colors • Color is one of the least reliable methods to mineral identity.

  13. Luster • The way a mineral reflects light from it’s surface is luster • Luster is described as metallic or nonmetallic • Differences in luster are caused by difference in chemical composition

  14. Texture • Texture describes how a mineral feels • The texture might be described as smooth, rough, ragged, greasy, soapy, or glassy

  15. Streak • A mineral rubbed across an unglazed porcelain plate will sometimes leave a powder streak on the surface • Streak is the color of a mineral when it is broken up and powdered • There are times when the streak of a mineral does not match its external color

  16. Question of the Day – 2/10/14 • Find your paper from Friday!!!! • 1. What is the least reliable property to identify a mineral? • A. Hardness B. Streak Color • C. Color D. Luster • 2. A mineral’s streak color will always match its visible color. • A. True B. False • 3.Earth’s crust is composed of ______ minerals. • A. 50% B. 75% • C. 99% D. 100%

  17. Hardness • This is one of the most useful tests in identifying a mineral • Hardness is a measure of how hard a mineral can be scratched • There is a Moh’s Hardness Scale that is used with this test • Hardness is one the most reliable tests if mineral ID • It is determined by the arrangement of mineral’s atoms

  18. Cleavage and Fracture • Atomic arrangements also determine how a mineral will break • Minerals break where atomic bonding is weak • A mineral that splits relatively easily end evenly along one or more flat planes to have cleavage • Minerals that break rough or jagged edges are said to have fractures

  19. What are the 6 properties scientists use to identify minerals? Question of the Day

  20. Minerals form from Magma • Minerals can form from the cooling of magma • Magma is the molten material found beneath Earth’s surface • If the magma has more time to cool the atoms have time to arrange themselves, which results in a larger crystal • If the magma cools off more rapidly the crystals will be smaller

  21. Minerals from Solution • A certain amount of water can only dissolve so much of a solid before the water becomes saturated • In nature, if a solution becomes supersaturated, or overfilled, mineral crystals begin to form

  22. Learning Targets • You will understand when a mineral can be considered an ore. • You will understand what a gem is. • You will assess you understanding of minerals.

  23. Cartoon

  24. Mineral Uses Ores Gems A rare, precious, highly prized material that can be cut, polished, and used for jewelry. • A mineral that contains a valuable substance that can be mined at a profit. • Not all minerals are ores. • Based upon mining costs. • Based upon supply and demand.

  25. Question #24

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  28. Crystal • A crystal is an organized grouping of atoms, or molecules. • Each crystal for each mineral has different properties and shapes.

  29. How Crystals Grow • Crystals grow into specific shapes • atoms or molecules join together in a pattern that repeats itself over and over to create a certain shape. • A crystal grows by adding atoms or molecules to all its sides in the exact same pattern as the atoms and molecules that were added before. • Because each different crystal is made up of a different building block (atom or molecule) they each have a different structure or shape.

  30. Crystal Words to Know • Saturated solution = the maximum amount of a solid has been dissolved without boiling • Super‐Saturated solution = has been heated to boiling in order to allow more solid to be dissolved. • Solute = a solid substance that is dissolved into a liquid e.g. sugar • Solvent = the liquid in which a solute (solid) is dissolved e.g. water

  31. Lab Findings Sugar crystals are oblong and slanted at the ends; salt crystals are cubic.

  32. How Crystals Form • Sodium (Na) and Chlorine (Cl) atoms both share a pair of electrons in an ionic bond. • While in solution, the Na and Cl are separated by water molecules (H20). • As the water evaporates from the solution, the Na and Cl atoms begin to bond together, first as single molecules and then the molecules bond together, forming crystals. • Every molecule will form the same shape crystal each time it forms. • The crystal shape for salt is a cube like a six-sided die.

  33. While You Are Waiting • 1). Write down the title. • 2). Copy down the purpose statements. • 3). Create a drawing prediction of what you believe your egg geode will end up looking like. • 4). Create a data table capable of holding 2 weeks worth of observations.

  34. How are crystals formed? Question of the Day

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  36. Learning Targets • You will understand how scientists find and identify minerals. • You will practice mineral identification skills.

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