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Update on Vaccines

Update on Vaccines. Provided courtesy of: Vaccine Education Center at The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. Immunity from Mom. Being Immunized. Keeping Babies Healthy. Surviving Disease. Immunity from Mom. Before birth- antibodies cross the placenta

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Update on Vaccines

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  1. Update on Vaccines Provided courtesy of: Vaccine Education Center at The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  2. Immunity from Mom Being Immunized Keeping Babies Healthy • Surviving Disease

  3. Immunity from Mom • Before birth- antibodies cross the placenta • After birth – antibodies in breast milk • Called “passive immunity” • Short-lived – weeks, months? • Not specific – baby may or may not have protection against a particular disease-causing agent

  4. Surviving Disease • Immune response is generated after coming into contact with the disease-causing agent • Called “active immunity” • Typically provides long-lasting immunity • Disease can vary in severity • Can result in death

  5. Being Immunized • Develops in response to a vaccine • Provides “active immunity” • Typically provides long-term immunity • Dose, timing and “pathogenicity”(potential for severity) are controlled • Does not result in death

  6. Impact of Vaccines in the 20th & 21st Centuries

  7. Immunity from Mom Being Immunized Keeping Babies Healthy 1st • Surviving Disease

  8. But some question whether this is true. Why?

  9. Position related to vaccines is based on a variety of factors. Experiences Beliefs Family Anecdotes Friends Healthcare Providers Co-workers Education News stories Articles/Books Teachers TV shows/stars

  10. Because trust in vaccines is based on a variety of factors, a single response will not convince everyone. “Trusting is hard. Knowing who to trust, even harder.” Maria V. Snyder, Poison Study

  11. But, we do have information about who parents trust for vaccine information: • A recent study by Abbey M. Jones and colleagues*, found that: • Parents use between 2 and 6 sources for vaccine information. • The most commonly cited source was their child’s healthcare provider (almost 92 percent). • Printed materials (VIS) were used by 84 percent. • Parents/friends were a source about 54 percent of the time. • About 40 percent cited the Internet as a good or excellent source of information, but only about 20 percent reported using it as a source of information. *Advances in Preventive Medicine, “Parents’ Source of Vaccine Information and Impact on Vaccine Attitudes, Beliefs, and Nonmedical Exemptions.” 2012. doi:10.1155/2012/932741.

  12. Some of these factors have a greater influence on vaccine decisions. Experiences Beliefs Family Anecdotes Friends Healthcare Providers Co-workers Education News stories Articles/Books Teachers TV shows/stars

  13. “When the trust account is high, communication is easy, instant, and effective.” Stephen R. Covey, The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People: Powerful Lessons in Personal Change

  14. What are the concerns? Babies are too young Too many vaccines Schedule not well-tested Vaccines cause other diseases Vaccines contain harmful ingredients

  15. Concern:Babies are too young to be immunized. • While the womb is sterile, the world is not. • Not too young to get disease = Not too young to get a vaccine • Vaccines are given so they will be protective during the baby’s period of vulnerability.

  16. Concern:Babies get too many vaccines. • Vaccines for 14 diseases by 2 years of age • Thousands of viruses and bacteria • Immune system has millions of cells & can make billions of antibodies. • Vaccines today contain fewer immunologic components than those of the past.

  17. Vaccines: Then and Now

  18. Concern:The vaccine schedule is not well-tested. • Individual vaccines are tested extensively: • Phase I • Phase II • Phase III • Studies include “concomitant-use studies” • Post-Licensure studies (phase IV)

  19. Concern:The vaccine schedule is not well-tested. • Who gets a vaccine is determined by the recommendations. • Recommendations are based on: • Susceptibility • Seasonality • Morbidity • Mortality

  20. Concern:The vaccine schedule is not well-tested. • The notion that vaccines are given as a “one-size-fits-all” approach is a myth: • High-risk groups • Different doses (e.g., high dose influenza for people 65 or older, hepatitis A vaccine)

  21. Is it OK to alter the schedule? • Contraindications – are reasons not to get a vaccine • Previous allergic reaction to a vaccine • No live viral vaccines while getting chemotherapy • Precautions – are things to keep in mind when getting a vaccine and may be reasons to delay vaccines • Moderate or severe illness • Recent blood transfusion • Uncontrolled seizures • Arbitrary changes to space out or skip certain vaccines are not tested, and, therefore, not recommended.

  22. Concern:Vaccines cause diseases • Myth: Influenza vaccine causes “flu” • Shot – is not “live” and cannot replicate • Nasal spray – is “live” but is designed to replicate minimally and only at in the temperatures of the nose, not the lungs.

  23. Concern:Vaccines cause diseases • Vaccines do not cause: • Autism • SIDS • Diabetes • Multiple sclerosis • Guillian-Barré syndrome • Asthma • Allergies • Any concerns are studied; if a causal relationship was found, use of the vaccine would be re-evaluated.

  24. Concern:Vaccines contain harmful chemicals. • Aluminum is used as an adjuvant. • Exposure from food in first 6 mos. of life is greater than in vaccines • Harmful when kidneys are not functioning AND exposure is high

  25. Concern:Vaccines contain harmful chemicals. • Thimerosal used to be used as a preservative. • Now only in multi-dose vials of influenza vaccine • Ethyl mercury versus methyl mercury

  26. Concern:Vaccines contain harmful chemicals. Additional topics related to vaccine ingredients: • Stabilizers (gelatin) • Manufacturing residuals (formaldehyde, antibiotics, egg proteins) • Fetal cells

  27. Additional Resources The next few slides include samples of the resources offered or written by the Vaccine Education Center at The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  28. Compilation Resources Websites vaccine.chop.edu vaccine.chop.edu/parents Booklets DVD Book Mobile App

  29. Vaccines Videos • Vaccines and Your Baby: What is immunity? http://www.chop.edu/video/vaccines-and-your-baby/home.html?pos=3Vaccines and Your Baby: Can babies handle vaccines so young http://www.chop.edu/video/vaccines-and-your-baby/home.html?pos=14

  30. Disease-Specific Resources

  31. Disease-Specific Resources www.Prevent-HPV.org Meningococcus Vaccine: Why do College Students Need It?

  32. For New Moms Vaccines and your Baby booklet Vaccines DVD Cling Showing Recommended Immunization Schedule

  33. Thank you!

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