220 likes | 408 Views
Waste Management. Early Concepts of Waste Disposal. Start of Industrial Revolution, the volume of waste produced in the US was relatively small. Factories located near water. Few factories and a sparse population. Early Concepts of Waste Disposal.
E N D
Early Concepts of Waste Disposal • Start of Industrial Revolution, the volume of waste produced in the US was relatively small. • Factories located near water. • Few factories and a sparse population
Early Concepts of Waste Disposal • As industrial and urban areas expanded, the concept became “concentrate and contain” • People are facing a serious solid-waste disposal problem.
Modern Trends • Environmentally correct concept is to consider wastes as resources out of place. • Industrial ecology
Modern Trends • Countries have moved to cut waste by imposing taxes. • Waste to energy
Reduce, Reuse, Recycle • Ultimate objective of the three R’s is to reduce. • The amount of refuse disposed of in landfills or incinerated can be reduced by at least 50% • Reduction facilitated by
Recycling of Human Waste • The use of human waste or “night soil” on croplands is an ancient practice.
Materials Management • Futuristic waste management has the goal of zero production of waste.
Composition of Solid Waste • Paper is by far the most abundant content. • Excavations into modern landfills using archeological tools
Waste Disposal • Open Dumps • Sanitary Landfills
Site Selection • A number of factors must be taken into consideration when selecting a site, including:
How Pollutants Can Enter the Environment from Sanitary Landfills
Federal Legislation for Sanitary Landfills • Provisions of federal standards include the following:
Ocean Dumping • Oceans have long been dumping grounds for many types of waste, including industrial waste, construction debris, urban sewage, and plastics
Ocean Dumping • Marine pollution can have major impacts on people and society.