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Waste Management. Early Concepts of Waste Disposal. Start of Industrial Revolution, the volume of waste produced in the US was relatively small. Factories located near water. Few factories and a sparse population. Early Concepts of Waste Disposal.
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Early Concepts of Waste Disposal • Start of Industrial Revolution, the volume of waste produced in the US was relatively small. • Factories located near water. • Few factories and a sparse population
Early Concepts of Waste Disposal • As industrial and urban areas expanded, the concept became “concentrate and contain” • People are facing a serious solid-waste disposal problem.
Modern Trends • Environmentally correct concept is to consider wastes as resources out of place. • Industrial ecology
Modern Trends • Countries have moved to cut waste by imposing taxes. • Waste to energy
Reduce, Reuse, Recycle • Ultimate objective of the three R’s is to reduce. • The amount of refuse disposed of in landfills or incinerated can be reduced by at least 50% • Reduction facilitated by
Recycling of Human Waste • The use of human waste or “night soil” on croplands is an ancient practice.
Materials Management • Futuristic waste management has the goal of zero production of waste.
Composition of Solid Waste • Paper is by far the most abundant content. • Excavations into modern landfills using archeological tools
Waste Disposal • Open Dumps • Sanitary Landfills
Site Selection • A number of factors must be taken into consideration when selecting a site, including:
How Pollutants Can Enter the Environment from Sanitary Landfills
Federal Legislation for Sanitary Landfills • Provisions of federal standards include the following:
Ocean Dumping • Oceans have long been dumping grounds for many types of waste, including industrial waste, construction debris, urban sewage, and plastics
Ocean Dumping • Marine pollution can have major impacts on people and society.