Worldwide Inequality

1. Worldwide Inequality Dawn of time- 2007 By: Elizabeth Atchison

2. Life is All About Gaining Resources Resource: Anything valued in society ($, Medical Care, Education) There is a limited supply- how do we decide who gets resources?

3. Early Societies • Early human societies were organized into small groups in order to hunt for food and gather fruits and plants to eat • Men hunted while women gathered and reared children

4. Evolution of society • Hunter gatherer societies traveled in small groups and took care of their immediate families. • Hunter gatherers gathered together for protection, safety, and food • Any farming is strictly subsistence farming- grow what you need

5. Improving Technology Leads to Settlement • Technology helped early people to settle down geographically • New weapons helped early hunters kill prey easier and more efficiently • New farm tools allowed early people to grow food

6. Evolution leads to Cities • Few groups of people begin to move into a central area • Small cities are formed- protection, safety, and organization • Trade!

7. New Farm tools such as plows and spades allow farmers to be efficient With more efficiency, less farmers are needed to provide the same amount of food Efficiency = specialization Less farmers = find something else to contribute to society Movement toward cities to trade and sell new wares Jobs in cities Technology Advances Society

8. $$ Industrial Revolution $$ • Factories begin creating goods much faster and better than individuals can • Scramble for resources to create products b/c Products = $$$

9. $$ Industrial Revolution Cont…$$ • Machines + Workers + Natural resources = finished products= $$$ • Natural resources- items in nature, such as copper, iron, wood, oils, etc…, that are used to create finished products • The more natural resources, the more goods. The more goods, the more money.

10. But where to get the goods… • Africa has a good deal of natural resources ( and had little industry= little competition for resources) • Europe will turn to Africa for resources • Should Africa be paid for their resources??

11. Colonization around the world • Powerful industrial countries use their colonies in order to obtain taxes and resources • “Haves” vs “Have nots”- can we steal from our colonies? • Colonies treated as savages, kids, unintelligent, and stupid

13. Industrial countries- “HAVE” based on industry and trade They are able to charge high prices to agrarian countries and colonies= profit! Agrarian countries- “HAVE NOT” based on natural resources stolen Do not have many goods to sell Get taken advantage of Global Stratification

14. Industrialization leads to Inequality • Industry creates wealth for factory owners • While workers do have jobs, they are not given high wages • Workers must live close to factories- housing is bad

15. Factory Life • Machines are dangerous • Hands and limbs get lost • Unsanitary • Child Labor • Long Days- 14 Hours • Crowded • Bad Housing • Low Wages

16. Woes of factory life

17. Industrial countries- have set up economies that give them a chance to make $, have more goods and services, opportunities for schools and advancement Non-Industrial Countries- have to buy goods from the wealthier countries, are behind technologically and economically, and politically Contrast

18. 1848- Communist Manifesto • Karl Marx • Economic philosopher • Saw the poverty of the working class • Thought that workers will never be treated as equals by the ruling class

19. 1848- Communist Manifesto cont. • Marx believed that the bourgeoisie (owners) would always hold down the proletariats (workers) • It was up to the workers to unite, overthrow the rulers (and government?) and take over as the ruling class • Proletariat should share the factors of production and should all share in the wealth

20. The Middle Income Countries are formed • Russian Revolution 1917-First major Communist country • Vladimir Lenin leads revolution to overthrow the Tsar(king) of Russia • Russia will share resources • Leads to constant scarcity

21. Communism Spreads • Russia, China, and many Latin American countries like Cuba and Argentina have individual revolutions • This is thought to be a solution to poverty in these countries

22. Communism’s Impact • While Communists have tried to fix their ailing economies with planning and mandates, they have never been able to accommodate their people’s needs • Many Communist countries have suffered from corruption and abuse of power- CUBA

23. Recap

24. Low Income Countries • Struggling economies • Many people still practice subsistence farming • Little infrastructure is set up- government, medical care, roads, etc • Struggle with much corruption and mismanagement of scarce resources • Little money

25. Colors signify some of our poorest areas

26. Middle Income Countries • Have been or are currently Communist • Many are recovering from Communism and are trying to up their industrial output • There is a ruling class and a working class that usually gets ordered what to do • Anyone who goes against the government risks prison or death

27. Low-Middle Income Factory

28. High Income Countries • Usually have economies based on industry or information and technology • Typically most people have decent houses, cars, and other consumer goods • High Standard of Living • Examples- U.S.A, Japan, Enland

29. High Income Countries

30. Stratification within High Income Countries • Compton, CA and San Diego, CA are 15 minutes apart, but are an example of Social Stratification within our High Income Country

31. Issues within our High Income Country • With the advancing of our economy from industrial to post-industrial, (1950+) there are less industrial jobs for unskilled workers • There is a new reliance on education and technological skills- jobs such as accounting, medicine, law, computer engineering • Information is used to better people’s lives • There is a widening gap between the “Haves” and “Have Nots” here in America

32. Outsourcing • Many industrial jobs are being outsourced to countries in which wages are lower, no health care, no sanitation requirements, no mandated work hours, no child labor laws, no breaks • Countries like the Philippines, Mexico, India, China, and others depend on industries for subsistence pay