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March 19, 2012

March 19, 2012. Rocks and Minerals. Rock - is a solid mixture of crystals of one or more minerals. Every mineral - has a unique set of physical properties, which can include color, hardness and the way the mineral breaks. Mineral crystals- often form as a result of heat and pressure.

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March 19, 2012

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  1. March 19, 2012 Rocks and Minerals

  2. Rock- is a solid mixture of crystals of one or more minerals. • Every mineral- has a unique set of physical properties, which can include color, hardness and the way the mineral breaks.

  3. Mineral crystals- often form as a result of heat and pressure. • Crystals can grow- as melted rock material cool or as cooler rock material is heated.

  4. Rocks are classified by3 main types (based on how they form) • igneous rock • sedimentary rock • Metamorphic rock

  5. Igneous rock- forms when hot, liquid rock or magma cools and hardens. This type forms deep inside the Earth or at sites of volcanic activity.

  6. Sedimentary rock- forms when rocks are broken down into smaller pieces that harden into new rock. *forms on the earths surface

  7. In the process of erosion, rivers move sediment from one place to another Rivers Transport Sediment

  8. Finally, the sediment is depositedin layers Sedimentary Rock Layers After compaction and cementationsedimentary rockis formed

  9. Metamorphic rock- forms when rock is heated and squeezed.

  10. The Rock Cycle- is the continual process by which new rock forms from old rock material. Through the rock cycle, each type of rock can become any other type of rock.

  11. The Rock Cycle (draw cycle in your notebook)

  12. Geologists use physical properties such as color, luster, streak, density, fracture, hardness

  13. Physical Properties • 1. Densitythe amount of matter in a given volume – • Density =mass/volume

  14. 2. Fracture – how it breaks Sulfur

  15. 3. Luster- the way the surface of a mineral reflects light

  16. 4. Streak - is the color of a mineral in powdered form

  17. 5. hardness - a mineral’s resistance to scratching

  18. Hardnessis measured using Mohs’ hardness scale

  19. Processes that Shape the Earth March 20, 2012

  20. Weathering- the process of water, ice, wind and heat breaking down rocks. This is important because weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces. These pieces make up sediments that form sedimentary rocks.

  21. Erosion- process where grains of rock are removed from their source. Erosion moves the sediment to a place where the sediments can collect.

  22. Deposition- the process in which water, ice, wind and gravity drop newly formed sediments.

  23. Cementation - loose sediments are glued together by natural glues like calcite and silica. Some glues are stronger than others Compaction: happens when sediments are deeply buried, placing them under pressure because of the weight of overlying layers. This squashes the grains together more tightly.

  24. Heat and Pressure- If the temperature and pressure are high enough at the bottom of the stack, the rock can change into metamorphic rock.

  25. Uplift- is the process by which regions of the Earth’s crust rise to higher elevations.

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