March 19, 2012

1. THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE WEATHER INITIATIVEA FOLLOW-ON TO THE INTERNATIONAL HELIOPHYSICAL YEAR (IHY) March 19, 2012 Joseph M Davila and Nat Gopalswamy NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center Contact: Joseph Davila, 410-979-7329, joseph.m.davila@nasa.gov Additional Information: http://iswi-secretariat.org, http://ihy2007.org

2. IHY/ISWI Helps Facilitate NASA’s Leadership in International Space Science • Provides unique science for geospace, heliosphere, and solar physics • Provides inter-agency focus for international space weather development • Supports NASA’s international activities • Leverages foreign science budgets to develop instruments to provide the unique space weather related data that we need • More than 750 operating instruments in more than 100 countries • 15 instrument arrays donated by 7 countries • 7 UNBSS Workshops organized in 7 countries • 12 Space Science schools • 5 instrument specific training schools • Developing new data sources for space weather forecasting and nowcasting • Establishes new university based space research groups in non-traditional countries • Provides new opportunities for graduate research in space physics at BSc, MSc, and PhD levels • Engages the public (100,000s) in space science outreach worldwide

3. IHY/ISWI Organization • Primarily a collaboration between • NASA • United Nations Office of Outer Space Affairs • Established by UN General Assembly resolution in 2005, and 2009 • Supported by the US Department of State

4. ISWI Objectives • Develop the scientific insight necessary to understand the science, and to reconstruct and forecast near-Earth space weather • Instrumentation • Expand and continue deployment of new and existing instrument arrays • Data analysis • Expand data analysis effort for instrument arrays and existing data bases • Coordinate data products to provide input for physical modeling • Input instrument array data into physical models of heliospheric processes • Develop data products that reconstruct past conditions in order to facilitate assessment of problems attributed to space weather effects • Coordinate data products to allow predictive relationships to be developed • Develop data products to allow predictive relationships that enable the forecasting of Space Weather to be established • Develop data products that can easily be assimilated into real-time or near real-time predictive models • Education, Training, and Public Outreach • University and Graduate Schools • Encourage and support space science courses and curricula in Universities that provide instrument support • Public Outreach • Develop public outreach materials unique to the ISWI, and coordinate the distribution

5. ISWI Contributes to Space Weather Studies Office of Outer Space Affairs World Meteorological Org

6. ISWI Participation (Jan 2012) • 14 Distributed instrument teams observatory program • ~1000 participating locations • More than 100 Countries participating IHY (http://iswi-secretariat.org)

7. Principles of the ISWI Instrument Program • The lead scientist or principle investigator funded by his/her country provides instrumentation (or fabrication plans) and data distribution service • The host country provides the workforce, facilities, and operational support typically at a local university or research institute. • Host scientists become part of science team • All data and data analysis activity is shared • All scientists participate in publications and scientific meetings where possible

8. Current Instrument Arrays

9. Current Instrument Arrays (continued)

10. Current Instrument Arrays (continued) ULF/ELF/VLF networkLead Scientist: Prof. Colin Price (Tel Aviv University) IsraelObjective: To monitor geomagnetic storms, ionospheric Alfven resonances, and ULF pulsations

11. Scientific Benefits: Why do this? • By observing in new geographical regions, a more global picture of Earth’s response to solar wind inputs can be obtained • Longitude coverage, 24/7 solar observing in radio and H-alpha, satellite collaboration (C/NOFFS, THEMIS) • Arrays provide 3D information that can be used in tomographic reconstructions • Long term these networks will provide real-time data valuable for forecasting and nowcasting • Modeling improvements will allow better exploitation of existing data sets

12. Science Four Elements of the IHY Program • Science of Universal Processes • Coordinated Investigation Programs (CIPs)Scientific Research • Distributed small instrument program • New observational capability • Education, outreach • Promoting space science • IGY History preservation • Preserving the history of space physics Distributed Instruments Outreach History See website at http://ihy2007.org for more information. IHY (http://ihy2007.org)

13. Whole Heliosphere Interval: Characterizing and Connecting the Solar Minimum Heliosphere Sarah Gibson, David Webb, Barbara Thompson and the WHI team Results published in a Topical Issue of Solar Physics, December 2011 (Volume 274, Nos. 1 - 2) containing 27 articles

14. Coherent Ionospheric Doppler Receivers (CIDRs) • Radio Altimetry and Ephemeris Satellites • 150/400 MHz Radio Beacon • Ionospheric TEC Correction Data • Egypt-Trevor Gardner (UTAr) • Advantages over GPS • More accurate, no need for plasmaspheric corrections by using LEO satellites. • Can measure the spatial structure of the ionosphere. • A powerful tool for topographic image of the ionosphere Trevor Gardner AymanMahrous IHY (http://iswi-secretariat.org)

15. UN-NASA Workshop Series on IHY • First Workshop (2005) • UN, ESA, NASA, and UAE sponsored • Second Workshop (2006) • UN, NASA and India sponsored • Third Workshop (2007) • UN, JAXA, NASA and Japan • Fourth Workshop (2008) • UN, ESA, NASA, JAXA, and Bulgaria • Fifth Workshop (2009) • UN, ESA, NASA, and South Korea These Workshops were highly successful at establishing new collaborations between instrument providers and hosts IHY (http://iswi-secretariat.org)

16. UN ISWI Workshop • 1st UN ISWI Meeting in Helwan Egypt November 6-10, 2010 • 2nd Workshop in Abuja Nigeria October 17-21, 2011 • 3rd Workshop planned in Quito, Equador October 2012 IHY (http://ihy2007.org)

17. ISWI Space Science Schools • 6 Schools organized during the IHY • First ISWI Space Science School in Bahir Dar University November 2010 in Ethiopia • Last year: • Slovakia – Aug • Kinshasa, RDC - Sept • Rabat, Morocco – Dec 5-16 • Lagos, Nigeria – Aug • Goa, India (VLF)- Oct • This year Space Science School and Workshop Sep 17-21 in Indonesia

18. New heliophysics Journal “Sun and Geosphere” • Started by the Black Sea/Baltic/Caspian Sea Group

19. ISWI Space Science Publications WHI (Solar Physics dedicated volume Dec 2011)

20. SOME RESULTS DURING IHY CAMPAIGN 1Ouattara, F., 2 Amory-Mazaudier, C , 3FLEURY, R4LASSUDRIE DUCHESNE, P. 5BOCK, O. 1École Normale Supérieure de l’Université de Koudougou, BP 376, Koudougou, Burkina Faso 1fojals@yahoo.fr 2christine.amory@lpp.polytechnique.fr 3 rolland.fleury@telecom-bretagne.eu 4 patrick.lassudrie; 5olivier.bock 1. Koudougou University GPS station since November 2008 2. Equinoctial asymmetries observed in Niamey GPS station data Year 2007 Year 2008 GPS station bulding GPS antenna One can see the maximum ionization between 1200 LT and 1600 LT centered at 1400 LT 3. Different kinds of solar events during IHY period Quiet events: 30 March-3 April Shock events: 26-28 March GPS receiver and data acquisition system 1st IHY Related PhD Thesis Successfully Defended in Senegal! Fluctuating events: 6-9 April IHY Period: 21 March – 16 April of Year 2008 From OuattaraFrédéric, PhD State Thesis, 2009

21. Teacher GIFT Workshops • Ethiopia • GIFT Teacher workshop sponsored by NASA and the Houston Museum of Natural History • AWESOME educational space weather monitor training session. • 1-day, 70 teachers from wide area of Ethiopia • Discovery Dome • “Passport to Knowledge” documentary • Zambia • 1-day, 20 teachers from wide area of Ethiopia (teacher strike limited planned attendance of ~100) • Discovery Dome donated to the Zambian Education Ministry by Houston Museum of Natural History IHY (http://ihy2007.org)

22. International Eclipse Campaigns • 2005 Tunisia • Public lectures • Interviews • Student trip • Science show for Arab teens • 2006 Brazil to Russia • Lectures in Ghana • Scientific trip to Libya • DOS/NASA video • 2008 China • Scientific observations IHY (http://ihy2007.org)

23. Public Outreach • IHY/DOS supported 30 min TV show aimed a Arabic youth • 60 min Documentary released on historic US-Libya eclipse collaboration • “Science Eclipses Politics” (EOS) and other articles published • World Wide Open Doors day • Traveling exhibits in Germany and France • Space science event for 50,000 participants in Thailand IHY (http://ihy2007.org)

24. What is Next? • Identify additional instruments for deployment • We are interested in adding additional experiments to the current list • Use this new ISWI data for modeling and prediction of Space Weather • Propose new 3-year plan Additional information • http://iswi-secretariat.org • Twitter: ISWINews IHY (http://iswi-secretariat.org)