1 / 8

Bacteria Notes

Bacteria Notes. Basic Definition. karyo. Pro. Bacteria : Prokaryotic Organisms Pro : Primitive or “prior to” Karyon : Nucleus or “kernel” Single-celled organisms without a nucleus Has circular DNA

hanley
Download Presentation

Bacteria Notes

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Bacteria Notes

  2. Basic Definition karyo Pro • Bacteria: Prokaryotic Organisms • Pro: Primitive or “prior to” • Karyon: Nucleus or “kernel” • Single-celled organisms without a nucleus • Has circular DNA • Often has “plasmid” DNA that helps codes for genes to increase fitness (ex. Antibiotic resistance) • Bacteria can be measured in micrometers • 0.000001m or 10-6

  3. What are the two groups of bacteria? • Bacteria Cell walls with peptidoglycan • Archaebacteria • Cell walls lack peptidoglycan • Adapted to extreme environments: • Extremely hot and cold, salty, without oxygen, etc. peptidoglycan Made up of types of peptide andsugar bonds

  4. What are the basic shapes of bacteria? • Rod-shaped (Bacilli) Bacillus anthracis(Anthrax),Yersinia pestis(Bubonic plague) • Comma-shaped (Vibrios) Vibrio cholerae • Spherical (Cocci) Streptococcus, Staphylococcus • Spiral (Spirilla) Treponemapallidum(Syphillis)

  5. Bacterial Staining • Gram-positive: Retains the crystals of violet dye in the peptidoglycan of the cell wall. • Only has an inner layer of plasma membrane • Infection by this type can be treated by antibiotics such as penicillin, which attacks the peptidoglycan of the cell wall.

  6. Bacterial Staining • Gram-negative: Will not pick up much the violet dye because the cell wall is covered by an additional outer membrane, and instead appears pink. • Infection by this type must be treated by a broad-spectrum antibiotic such as ciprofloxacin that enters bacteria and disrupts protein synthesis Outer membrane Peptidoglycan Inner membrane

  7. What is a plasmid? • Plasmids are circles of DNA that can replicate separately from the main bacterial DNA. • Plasmids may carry genes that allow bacteria to survive exposure to antibiotics.

  8. Bacterial Growth and Reproduction • Binary Fission: (video) -Asexual division -DNA replicates and cytoplasm divides -Creates two genetically identical cells from one parent cell • Conjugation: (video) -Not true sexual reproduction-Sex pilusextends between bacteria -Plasmid DNA is transferred from one bacterium to another to introduce genetic diversity • Spore Formation:-Occurs when growth conditions are unfavorable -An endospore is a “spore” with a thick internal wall of membrane that encloses and protects its DNA

More Related