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Delve into the characteristics, identification methods, and growth mechanisms of Kingdom Eubacteria and Archaebacteria, including unicellularity, prokaryotic nature, and oxygen preferences. Learn about common bacterial shapes, such as coccus, bacillus, and spirillum, and their associated diseases. Discover bacterial movement, identification via gram staining, and reproduction through binary fission, conjugation, and spore formation.
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Review: • Kingdom Eubacteria and Archaebacteria; Old Kingdom = Monera • Unicellular • Prokaryotic, no cellular membranes, no nucleus • Auto and Heterotrophic
Bacteria Identification: • Shape • Sphere-Shape (coccus) • Ex. Strep Throat (streptococcus), pneumonia (diplococcus), staph (staphylococcus)
Rod-Shaped (bacillus) Ex. Typhoid fever (caused by salmonella: Boil it, peel it, cook it, or FORGET IT! Transmitted by ingestion of food or water contaminated with feces of infected people. Typhoid Mary – 36 years quarantined!), Botulism (home canned foods or bad seal on canned foods.)
Spiral-Shaped (spirillum) • Ex. Syphilis Congenital syphilis (mom gives it to fetus in utero.)
More Bacteria Identification: • Cell Wall (chemical nature) – can see the wall by gram-staining! • Take-up Crystal Violet (purple) = Gram Positive • Take-up Safranine (red) = Gram Negative
ID Cont. • Bacterial Movement • Flagella – tail • Glide along slime (they make this themselves) • Some don’t move!
…and the last way to Identify bacteria • Oxygen Use • Require Oxygen – AEROBIC • NO Oxygen - ANAEROBIC
Growth and Reproduction • Bacteria reproduce in three different ways 1. Binary Fission – bacteria double in size, double DNA and divide in half (asexual reproduction)
Growth and Reproduction 2. Conjugation – a hollow bridge forms between two bacteria cells and they exchange genetic information (sexual reproduction)
Growth and Reproduction • 3. Spore formation – when conditions are bad, bacteria form endospores which lay dormant until conditions get better for growth.