Bacteria Kingdom Notes

1. Bacteria Kingdom Notes These will be used for pages 4-7 in the kingdom journal.

2. Common Names Archaebacteria • Archaea • Oldest bacteria • Methanogens, Halophiles, Thermoacidophiles Eubacteria • Bacteria • Newer bacteria • Decomposes, parasites, cyanobacteria, nitrogen-fixation bacteria

3. Unique Traits Archaebacteria • Found in extreme habitats with no oxygen • Cell walls made of proteins Eubacteria • Found everywhere • Cell walls made of amino acids and sugars

4. Major Phyla Archaebacteria • Methanogens-make methane • Halophiles-like high salt environments • Thermoacidophiles-like high heat and acidic conditions Eubacteria • Parasites • Decomposes • Photosynthetic • Chemosynthetic

5. Major Habitats Archaebacteria • Meth-swamps, cow intestines, sewage treatment plants • Halo-lakes with high salt (Salt Lake, Utah and Dead Sea, Middle East) • Thermo-hot springs, volcanic vents at bottom of the ocean Eubacteria • Almost everywhere, including: • On and in other organisms • Ponds • Soil

6. Major Niches Archaebacteria • Most are Chemosynthetic autotrophs Eubacteria • Heterotrophic- are parasites or decoposers • Autotrophic-Photosynthetic or Chemosynthetic

7. Archaebacteria Example • Scientific Name: Methanocaldococcusjannaschii • Common name: Thermoacidophile • Where is it Found? At pressures above 200 atm and temperatures of 85 degrees Celcius. http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Methanococcus

8. Eubacteria Example • Scientific Name: Anabena sp. • Common Name: Cyanobacteria • Where is it found? Pond Water

9. Reproduction in Bacteria Binary Fission-makes an exact copy of itself; done most often • Bacteria copies its chromosome. • Chromosome and copy attach to cell membrane. • Cell grows. • Partition forms between chromosomes and cells divide. Can take as little as 20 minutes in some species. Conjugation—sexual reproduction • Bacteria sends all or part of its chromosome across a bridge (pilus) to another bacteria. • Results in bacteria with a new genetic composition.