States of Consciousness Review

1. States of Consciousness Review Test Friday

2. 20 The chief characteristic of hypnosis is: • Heightened arousal • Increased suggestibility • Enhanced creativity • Increase clairvoyance • Both 1 and 3

3. 20 The most frequently used psychoactive drug in the United States is: • Alcohol • Cocaine • Caffeine • Heroin • Marijuana

4. 20 Which of the following sleep phenomena could be detected without the aid of an EEG machine? • Stage 2 sleep • Stage 3 sleep • Sleep spindles • K complexes • REM sleep

5. 20 Which of the following best describes the stability of sleep cycles? • They are innate so they cannot be modified • They are innate but can be modified in times of stress • They are entirely learned but are difficult to modify • They are entirely learned and, thus, may be easily modified • They are learned and allow us to change them at our will

6. 20 The reduction in the body's response to a drug which may accompany drug use is called • Withdrawal • Addiction • Dependence • Tolerance • Psychological dependence

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8. 20 Substances capable of altering human consciousness are classified as • Narcotics • Barbiturates • Stimulants • Psychoactive drugs • Pharmacologic drugs

9. 20 The major cause of temporary insomnia is: • REM deprivation • Worry, stress, or excitement • Drops in blood sugar during the night • Poor eating patterns • Alcohol use

10. 20 Research suggests that the two most basic states of sleep are: • Alpha and beta sleep • Stage 4 and REM sleep • REM and paradoxical sleep • REM and Non-REM sleep • Hypnagogic and alpha stage sleep

11. 20 Which theory describes Freud’s belief on why we dream? • Activation-synthesis • Cognitive-development • Physiological function • Information processing • Wish-fulfillment

12. 20 Immediately before sleep the EEG shifts to patterns of larger and slower waves called __________ waves. • Delta • Alpha • Beta • Theta • Spindle

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14. 20 Which of the following is a primary characteristic of dream sleep? • Irregular heart rate and blood pressure • Sexual arousal • Rapid eye movements • Increased muscle tension • Sleep spindles

15. 20 Non-REM sleep occurs mainly in: • Stage 2 sleep • Stage 1 sleep • Stage 3 sleep • Stage 4 sleep • All of the above

16. 20 That there is a need for REM sleep is suggested by: • REM Rebound • REM tolerance • Eye movements accompanying REM sleep • Paralysis during REM sleep • Both 1 and 2

17. 20 Meditation currently has its greatest value as a(n) • Cure-all counseling approach • Combination treatment with acupuncture and massage • Tool for inducing relaxation • Valuable technique for uncovering repressed memories • Way for patients to feel no pain

18. 20 Which of the following is a correct match? • Stage 1 - light sleep • Stage 3 - alpha waves • Stage 2 - beta waves • Stage 4 - sleep spindles • REM sleep – Pituitary gland secretion

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20. 20 Sleepwalking and talking: • Occur most often in association with night terrors • Occur during REM sleep and is therefore rather brief • Occur during sleep stages 3 and 4 • Is the outward expression of dream content • Are dangerous sleep disorders

21. 20 If you suffered sleep deprivation, what type of effect would occur first? • Hallucinations and delusions • Loss of ability to pay attention and perform simple routine tasks • Coma • Both long-term and short-term memory loss • Both 2 and 4

22. 20 A very physically stressful day is likely to increase the amount of: • REM sleep • Stage 2 sleep • Hypnagogic sleep • Stage 3 sleep • Stage 4 sleep

23. 20 Extensive study of dreams indicates that: • Nearly all dreams are sexual • Most dreams are extensions of everyday experience • Pleasant emotions are more frequent in dreams than unpleasant • The content of dreams usually deals with psychological violence • Dreams have no meaning

24. 20 At the center of the activation-synthesis hypothesis of dreaming is the need to: • Give expression to unfulfilled wishes • Provide an outlet for repressed thoughts • Provide explanations for physiological activity • Exhibit socially acceptable behavior • Describe how we process new information

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26. 20 As you are reading this question, you are probably not thinking about what you ate for lunch. The memory of what you ate for lunch is most likely in your: • Nonconscious • Preconscious • Unconsciousness • Sensory memory • Attention

27. 20 Nightmares most frequently occur during: • Stage 1 • Stage 2 • Stage 3 • Stage 4 • REM

28. 20 Monitoring by the hidden observer during hypnosis provides evidence for: • The nonconscious • Activation-synthesis • Dissociation of consciousness • Role playing • Posthypnotic amnesia

29. :20 Which of the following is NOT true of night terrors? • Night terrors occur primarily in children • Night terrors occur during non-REM sleep • Night terrors involve anxiety and panic • Night terrors usually disappear by adulthood • The content of night terrors are typically remembered upon awakening

30. 20 Which has enabled psychologists to learn the most about sleep processes over the last 50 years? • Psychopharmacology • Lesions • EEG’s • CT Scans • MRI

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32. Throw Back Questions! • CH 1,2,3,4

33. 20 In psychology, “behavior” is best defined as: • Anything a person says, does, or feels • Any action we can observe and record • Any action, whether observable or not • Anything we can infer from a person’s actions • Both 1 and 4

34. :20 A Quasi-experiment cannot be considered a controlled experiment because: • Subjects cannot be randomly designed • Subjects cannot be randomly selected • Too few subjects participate in the procedure • Experimenter bias is unavoidable • Subjects will guess what is being studied

35. 20 When the dendrites tell the neuron to generate an electrical impulse, it is called: • Inhibitory • Ancillary • Excitatory • Both 1 and 3 • None of the above

36. 20 Decibels are to____ as Hertz are to_____. • Wavelength; frequency • Pitch; Timbre • Amplitude; wavelength • Amplitude; Pitch • Frequency; Timbre

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