Warm-UP

1. Take out a clean sheet of paper . Copy and answer the following 3 questions. Turn in to the tray up front. Then open your book to page 526-528 and read to understand the difference in a deciduous forest and a coniferous forest. Warm-UP (1) What is the difference between primary & secondary succession? (2) What is the time frame to reach a climax community? (3) What is an ecosystem?

2. Come to the front table and get a ¼ sheet of paper and a benchmark test. Put your name at top.Use the benchmark to complete # 6, #13, #19, #30.Put your name on the paper and turn into front tray.

3. 1. Which activity is most harmful to the environment? • A. watering the garden • B. cutting the grass • C. installing a wooden fence • D. fertilizing the lawn

4. S7L4: Students will examine the dependence of organisms on one another & their environments. S7L4.b : Explain in a food web that sunlight is the source of energy and that this energy moves from organism to organism. 2) Allan is getting energy by eating chicken nuggets for lunch. What was the original source of energy in the chicken nuggets? • Air • Soil • Sunlight • water 3) Which of the following biomes has the greatest diversity (most number of species) of plants and animals? • Arctic tundra • Desert • Savanna • Tropical rain forest

5. :S7LCS5a: Observe and explain how parts can be related to other parts in a system such as predator/prey relationships in a community/ecosystem. S7L1.b Classify organisms based on physical characteristics using a dichotomous key of the six kingdoms. 4) Which of the following pairs of terms does NOT represent a system followed by a part of that system? • Ecosystem, organism • Organism, organ system • Circulatory system, heart • Organ system, nervous system 5) To what kingdom does an organism that is a eukaryote, but is NOT an animal, plant, or fungi belong? • Animalia • Archaea • Fungi • Protista

6. :S7LCS5a: Observe and explain how parts can be related to other parts in a system such as predator/prey relationships in a community/ecosystem. S7L1.b Classify organisms based on physical characteristics using a dichotomous key of the six kingdoms. 6) Which group represented in an energy pyramid has the largest population? • scavengers • producers • decomposers • carnivores 7) Which of the following is the correct order in a food chain? • Sun consumers predators hosts • Sun producers herbivores scavengers carnivores • Sun producers herbivores carnivores scavengers • Sun producers decomposers consumers omnivores

7. 8). Which biome covers most of the land mass near Earth's equator? • A. tundra • B. desert • C. grassland • D. tropical forest

8. 9. Which of the following symbiotic relationships is considered parasitic? • A. ticks feeding on a dog • B. bees transporting pollen from flowers • C. pilotfish swimming under sharks • D. birds eating the insects from the back of a hippopotamus

9. 10. Which biome is characterized by low temperatures and low amounts of rainfall? • A. tundra • B. desert • C. temperate deciduous forest • D. tropical rain forest

10. The Earth’s Land Biomes Days 1-4

11. Standards • S7L4: Students will examine the dependence of organisms on one another & their environments. • S7L4.b : Explain in a food web that sunlight is the source of energy and that his energy moves from organism to organism. • S7L4.c: Recognize that changes in environmental conditions can affect the survival of both individuals and entire species. • S7L4.e: Describe the characteristics of Earth’s major terrestrial biomes (i.e. tropical rain forest, savannah, temperate, desert, taiga, tundra, & mountain) & aquatic communities (i.e. freshwater, estuaries, & marine.) • S7L5: Students will examine the evolution of living organisms through inherited other characteristics that promote survival of organisms & the survival of successive generations of their offspring. • S7L5.a: Explain that physical characteristics of organisms have changed over successive generations (e.g. Darwin’s finches & peppered moths of Manchester). • S7L5.c: Explain how the fossil record found in sedimentary rock provides evidence for the long history of changing life forms.

12. What do you think? What habitat do you think of when you think of polar bears and seals? Why don’t polar bears & seals live in the desert?

13. Because… • Different ecosystems are home to different kinds of organisms. Polar bears and seals don’t live in the desert because they are adapted to very cold environments. Polar bears have thick fur. This fur keeps polar bears stay warm. It also hides them in the snow.

14. Do you know these terms?Please copy the following terms & definitions, that are written in green only,. • Climate: the average weather conditions for an area over a long period of time • Biome: a large area characterized by a specific type of climate & certain types of plant & animal communities • Conifers: produce seeds in cones • Deciduous: to fall off • Abiotic factors: nonliving parts of an environment such as soil, water, & climate • Biotic factors: the living parts of an environment such as plants, animals, fungi, etc.

15. What do You know? • Use the diagram below to compare and contrast a coniferous forest and a deciduous forest after reading page 527-528. Deciduous Forest Coniferous Forest Similar Characteristics

16. Climate: the average weather conditions for an area over a long period of time Temperate Tropical Tropical Temperate

17. Land Biomes of the World…

18. BIOME FOLDABLE: • Take 4 pieces of paper, slide them down to make tabs and fold. It should give you 7 small tabs and one big one. • On the big one write: your first, last name, the date, class pd.and label it Land (Terrestrial) Biomes • Label the 7 tabs in order using the labels from the next slide • Label the back of your foldable: Chaparral

20. Land Biomes: write the notes that are in red • Forest Biomes are often found in areas that have mild temperatures & have plenty of rain. The kind of forest biome that develops depends on an area’s temperature & rainfall. • Three kinds of forest biomes: temperate deciduous, coniferous forests (taiga), & tropical rain forests. • Temperate deciduous Forests: Where you live, trees that shed their leaves to save water during the winter or during the dry season, has all 4 seasons, average yearly rainfall 75 to 125 cm. (29.5 to 49 in.), average temperatures are summer: 82 degrees F, Winter 43 Degrees F (animal ex.: white-tail deer) • Coniferous Forests (Taiga): Largest biome that stretches across Canada, North America, and Asia, has very harsh winters and mild summers and majority of the year is covered with snow (quite mountainous), known for cone-bearing trees known as evergreens that have a waxy coating that protects them from winter, average yearly rainfall 35 to 75 cm. (14 to 29.4 in.), average Temps. Summer 57 degrees F, Winter 14 degrees F (bobcats, moose, lynx, hare)

21. Coniferous Forest

22. Deciduous Forest

23. Land Biomes Continued: • Tropical Rain Forests: more biological diversity than other places on Earth (more plants and animals than any other land biome) For example: 100 different kinds of trees may grow in an area about 1/4th the size of a football field, it does not have nutrient rich soil ( most nutrients are found in its plants), average rainfall 400 cm. (157.5 in.), average temps. Daytime (93 F), nighttime 68 F) Deciduous Forests Coniferous Forests

24. Land Biomes: • Grasslands Biomes Grasslands are found on every continent but Antarctica and are often flat or have gently rolling hills. • Temperate Grasslandplants include grasses and other flowering plants. Due to fires, drought, and grazing, temperate grasslands have few trees. (diff. names such as steppes, veldts, prairies, & pampas Average yearly Rainfall 25 to 75 cm. (10 to 29in.); average temps. Summer 86 F, Winter 32 F (sheep, cattle, etc.)

25. Savannas are grasslands that have scattered clumps of trees called acacias & seasonal rains. They are found in Africa, India, & South America. During the dry season, grasses dry out and turn yellow. Average Rainfall 150 cm (59 in.); average temps. Dry Season 93 F, Wet Season 61 F (gazelles, zebra, giraffes, etc.)

26. Land Biomes: • Desert Biomes are regions that have little or no plant life, long periods without rain, and extreme temperature; usually found in hot climates (some are not). Most water is stored in the roots of plants here. • Average yearly rainfall is less than 25 cm (10 inches) • Average temperatures Summer 100 F, Winter 45 F • STANDARD CHECK: What are some adaptations that desert plants have? What are some adaptations that desert animals have?

27. Land Biomes: • Tundra Biomes are places on Earth where it is so cold that trees do not grow. It has very cold temperature and little rainfall. There are two types: polar tundra and alpine tundra. Average rainfall 30 to 50 cm. (12 to 20 in.), average temps. Summer 54 F, Winter -15F. • Alpine Tundra: similar to polar tundra, also has permafrost, but alpine tundras are found at the top of tall mountains (above an elevation called the tree line where trees cannot grow). They get plenty of sunlight & precipitation.

28. Two types of Tundras Polar (Arctic) Tundra: found near the North and South Poles, in polar tundra, the layer of soil beneath the surface soil stays frozen all the time. This layer is called permafrost. • During the short, cool summers, only the surface soil thaws. The layer of thawed soil is too shallow for deep-rooted plants. • Plants such as grasses and small shrubs, are common. Mosses & lichens grown beneath these plants. The thawed soil above the permafrost becomes muddy (making a mosquito haven).

29. Arctic (Polar) Tundras & Alpine Tundras

30. Chaparrals: • Have cool, wet winters & hot, dry summers. • Animals, such as coyotes & mountain lions live here • Vegetation is mainly evergreen shrubs that are short, woody plants with thick, waxy leaves adapted to prevent water loss in dry conditions and can grow in rocky, nutrient-poor soil • Like tropical-savanna vegetation, chaparral vegetation has adapted to fire (Some plants, such as chamise, can grow back from their roots after a fire.) • Average Temp. Range 51 F to 78 F • Average yearly rainfall 18.9 in to 22 in. • (48 cm to 56 cm) • Arizona, Mexico, etc.

31. Things that make you go….hmmmmmmmm! Copy and answer the following 7 questions. • Define biome in your own words. (must include the two main characteristics) • Which of these biomes is characterized by coniferous trees and temps of -40 to 68 F on average? (a) Taiga (c) savanna (b) desert (d) temperate deciduous forest 3) If you visited a savanna, you would most likely see • large herds of grazing animals, such as zebras & gazelles. • Dense forests stretching from horizon to horizon. • Snow & ice throughout most of the year. • Trees that form a continuous green roof, called the canopy. 4) Components of a desert ecosystem include • a hot, dry climate. • plants that grow far apart. • animals that are active mostly at night. • All of the above 5) In which land biome do we live?