Spain's American Empire: Conquest and Colonization in the Atlantic World

1. Chapter 20 The Atlantic World

2. 20.1Spain Builds an American Empire • Christopher Columbus voyaged from Spain in 1492 • He sailed west across the Atlantic in search of an alternative trade route to Asia • He never reached Asia

3. 20.1Spain Builds an American Empire • Columbus landed in the Bahamas • He encountered the Taino • He named the Island San Salvador “Holy Savior” • He through the islands searching for gold

4. 20.1Spain Builds an American Empire • 1493, Columbus went out on his second voyage with the intent to colonize the Caribbean islands

5. 20.1Spain Builds an American Empire • Pedro Alvares Cabral (Portuguese) reached Brazil • Amerigo Vespucci (Italian) traveled eastern coast of South America • 1519, Ferdinand Magellan (Portuguese) sailed to the Philippines and was killed in war. His crew ravished by disease and starvation returned home to Spain.

6. 20.1Spain Builds an American Empire • Magellan’s crew was the first to sail around the world. • Hernando Cortes (Spanish) landed in Mexico. • Conquistadors (conquerors) carved out colonies in Mexico, South America, and the United States.

7. 20.1Spain Builds an American Empire • Spanish were the first European settlers in the America’s. • Cortes marched to Tenochtitlan (Aztec city) and would have received half of the gold supply but that was not enough for Cortes. • Cortes “disease of the heart that only gold can cure.”

8. 20.1Spain Builds an American Empire • Cortes army killed many Aztec’s. • Fighting began and the Aztec were conquered. • Spanish had superior weapons and they recruited other natives who disliked the Aztec’s to help them overtake the Aztec’s.

9. 20.1Spain Builds an American Empire • Francisco Pizarro (Spain), South America and conquered the Incan Empire. • Atahualpa, Incan ruler, met with Pizarro, was ambushed and killed after giving a room of gold and two rooms of silver. • Remaining Incan’s retreated. • Pizarro captured the Incan capital, Cuzco.

10. 20.1Spain Builds an American Empire • Spain used “reconquista” (when they conquered the Muslims in Spain) when conquering the American empire. • Peninsulares (Spanish men) had relations with the native women. Mestizo (mixed) population is created.

11. 20.1Spain Builds an American Empire • The Spanish oppressed and exploited the natives. • Encomienda – natives farmed, ranced or mined for Spanish landlords who were abusive and caused death to the natives.

12. 20.1Spain Builds an American Empire • Brazil was outside of Spanish control. • Portugal • Grew Sugar

13. 20.1Spain Builds an American Empire • Spain is the most powerful nation in the world during the 16th century. • Strong navy and army. • More expeditions charted in the Americas.

14. 20.1Spain Builds an American Empire • Juan Ponce de Leon landed in Florida and claimed it for Spain. • Francisco Vasquez de Coronado led expedition through Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas. • Priests were on these missions to help convert the natives.

15. 20.1Spain Builds an American Empire • Spanish priests wanted better treatment of the natives. • Encomienda system abolished in 1542 and replaced with African slavery.

16. 20.1Spain Builds an American Empire • Columbus encountered resistance with poison arrows. • Spanish priests and soldiers burned native sacred objects and prohibited native rituals as well as abused them. • Pope’ – 1680, Pueblo ruler rebelled and pushed the Spanish back for 12 years.

17. 20.2European Nations Settle North America • Treaty of Tordesillas divided the Americas between Spain and Portugal – ignored by other European countries • France, England and Dutch couldn’t find the route to Asia so they established colonies in North America.

18. 20.2European Nations Settle North America • Giovanni da Verrazzano (Italy) in the service of France sailed to North America in search of a sea route to the Pacific. • Discovered New York harbor • Jacques Cartier (France) • Eastern coast of Canada • St. Lawrence river • Mont Real (Mount Royal) – known as Montreal

19. 20.2European Nations Settle North America • Samuel de Champlain • Quebec – base of France’s colonial empire known as New France • Jacques Marquette/Louis Joliet • Great Lakes and upper Mississippi River • Sieur de LaSalle • Lower Mississippi - Louisiana