Introduction to Emergency Management in Ohio

1. Introduction to Emergency Management in Ohio Unit Two: Orientation to Emergency Management

2. Unit Objectives • Define emergency management • Identify the hazards and risks faced in Ohio • Define the phases of emergency management • Define the structure of emergency management in Ohio • Define the evolution of emergency management

3. Emergency Management Just what is emergency management? Ohio Emergency Operations Center

4. Emergency Management FEMA Higher Education Project…… Emergency management is the managerial function charged with creating the framework within which communities reduce vulnerability to hazards and cope with disasters.

5. Emergency Management NFPA 1600…. An ongoing process to prevent, mitigate, prepare for, respond to, and recover from an incident that threatens life, property, operations, or the environment.

6. Emergency Management Ohio Revised Code….. Emergency management” includes all emergency preparedness and civil defense activities and measures, whether or not mentioned or described in sections 5502.21 to 5502.51 of the Revised Code, that are designed or undertaken to minimize the effects upon the civilian population caused or that could be caused by any hazard and that are necessary to address mitigation, emergency preparedness, response, and recovery.

7. Emergency Management Laws and Authorities • Ohio Revised Code Chapter 5502, Public Safety • Sections 5502.21 to 5502.51 • Ohio Administrative Code 4501:3, Emergency Management Agency

8. Emergency Management County Structure • 5502.26 countywide emergency management agency • 5502.27 regional authority for emergency management • 5502.271 program for emergency management

9. Emergency Management County Structure • 5502.26 Countywide Emergency Management Agency • Governed by Executive Committee • Considered a County Board

10. County Structure Emergency Management • 5502.27 Regional Authority for Emergency Management • Two or more counties • Governed by Executive Committee

11. County Structure Emergency Management • 5502.271 Program for Emergency Management • Governed by Chief Executive of Political Subdivision • Default organization for those choosing not to organize under 5502.26 or 5502.271

12. Emergency Management Ohio Department of Public Safety Ohio Emergency Management Agency Ohio Homeland Security Emergency Medical Services Bureau of Motor Vehicles Criminal Justice Services Investigative Unit Ohio Highway Patrol

13. Emergency Management Ohio Emergency Management Agency Field Operations, Training and Exercises & Grants Fiscal Mitigation Disaster Recovery Communications & Data Management Plans Data Management Radiological WebEOC & Incident Management Support Internal & External Affairs

14. Emergency Management United States Homeland Security: • Transportation Security Administration (TSA) • U.S. Customs & Border Protection • U.S. Citizenship & Immigration Services • U.S. Immigration & Customs Enforcement • U.S. Secret Service • Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) • U.S. Coast Guard

15. Emergency Management Federal Emergency Management Agency • Federal Insurance and Mitigation Administration • Mission support • U.S. Fire Administration • Region I – X • Response and recovery

16. Emergency Management County Activity • If known, share with others in your virtual county how your real emergency management agency is formed. • As a group determine how your virtual county is organized.

17. Ohio’s Hazards

18. Ohio Disasters • 1960’s – 5 declarations • 1970’s – 8 declarations and 2 emergencies • 1980’s – 6 declarations • 1990’s – 7 declarations • 2000’s – 16 declarations and 4 emergencies • 2010’s – 3declarations and 1 emergencies

19. Ohio Disasters 1969 Independence Day Flood • 10 – 14 inches of rain • 41 deaths • >500 injuries • >10,000 homes damaged • 104 business destroyed Source: Ohio Historical Society

20. Ohio Disasters 1974 Xenia Tornado • 32 fatalities • 300 homes destroyed • >1300 injuries Ohio Historical Society

21. Ohio Disasters 1977 Statewide Blizzard • Schools closed statewide • Most major airports closed • Some counties completely isolated • 20 fatalities Source: Ohio Historical Society

22. Ohio Disasters 1985 Tornadoes • 41 tornadoes • 14 killer tornadoes • Only F-5 tornado in the country in 1985 • 11 fatalities Source: Ohio Historical Society

23. Ohio Disasters 1990 Shadyside Flood • 26 fatalities • 80 homes destroyed • 250 homes damaged Source: Ohio Historical Society Belmont County EMA

24. Ohio Disasters 2008 Wind Storm • 2.6 million without power • Costliest disaster in Ohio history • 6 fatalities Marvin Fong The Plain Dealer

25. Homework Following class this evening research and identify at least one significant disaster or event that has impacted your home county in the last 20 years. Describe the event and outline the impacts (human, economic, others) . Bring your findings to class tomorrow morning and be prepared to share them with your group and the rest of the class.

26. Phases of Emergency Management Preparedness/ Prevention Response Mitigation Recovery

27. Phases of Emergency Management

28. Preparedness Phases of Emergency Management A state of readiness to contain the effects of a disastrous event to minimize injury, property damage and loss of life. The ability to sustain essential functions without being overwhelmed.

29. 29 Preparedness Activities • Training & exercise programs • Resource planning • Personal preparedness vs. community preparedness • Special planning • Volunteers • Schools • Donations Management • Monitoring Activities

30. Mitigation Phases of Emergency Management • The effort to reduce loss of life and property by lessening the impact of disasters • Structural • Non structural

31. 31 Mitigation Activities • Mitigation Planning • Implement and monitor pro • Risk assessment • Organize resources • Develop plan • Mitigation Activities • Buyouts • Elevations • Protection activities • Best practices

32. Response Phases of Emergency Management Decisions and measures taken to contain the effects of a disaster to prevent any further loss of life and/or property, to restore order, and reestablish normality shortly thereafter.

33. 33 Response Activities • Declaration process • Dealing with emergencies • Incident command vs. unified command • Role of emergency operations center • Disaster communication • ICS/EOC interface

34. Recovery Phases of Emergency Management Specific measures and procedures implemented once the immediate threat has passed with the goal of returning to a state of normality

35. 35 Recovery Activities • Damage assessments • Individual assessment • Public assessment • Debris management • Short term vs. long term recovery • Community sustainability

36. Prevention/Protection Phases of Emergency Management • Prevention actions help keep the risk posed by a hazard or threat from occurring or getting worse • Protection actions focus on people, property, critical infrastructure, and natural resources. . . . . (FEMA 2009)

37. Practical Exercise Phases of Emergency Management • For each of the phases; preparedness, prevention, protection, response, recovery and mitigation list the actions or activities that are associated with each. • Record your actions or activities on the chart paper provided • Be prepared to present your list to the class in 15 minutes.

38. Evolution/History of Emergency Management • Congressional Act of 1803 • 1916 - Congress established the Council of National Defense. WWI • 1930’s – Disaster Loans and Flood Control Act • 1941 – Council of National Defense re-established as the Civil Defense Act • 1950 – Disaster Relief Act (Public Law 81-875)

39. Evolution/History of Emergency Management • 1968 – National Flood Insurance Act • 1969 – Disaster Relief Act • 1973 – National Flood Disaster Protection Act

40. Evolution/History of Emergency Management • 1974 Disaster Relief Act • Following the March 1974 tornado outbreak that included the Xenia, Ohio tornado

41. Evolution/History of Emergency Management U.S Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1978 • FEMA established as an independent establishment in the executive branch • 1979 Executive orders 12127 and 12148

42. Evolution/History of Emergency Management Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (as amended) • Signed into law November 23, 1988 • Amended the Disaster Relief Act of 1974 • Constitutes the statutory authority for most Federal disaster response activities especially as they pertain to FEMA and FEMA programs.

43. Evolution/History of Emergency Management Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (Continued) • Established the Presidential declaration process for major emergencies • Legislated a minimum 75% federal / 25% state/local cost-sharing for the Public Assistance Program.

44. Evolution/History of Emergency Management Late 1980s/Early 1990s • 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake • 1990 Hurricane Hugo • 1992 Hurricane Andrew • 1993 James Lee Witt appointed Director of FEMA

45. Evolution/History of Emergency Management 1994-2000 • January 1994 – Northridge earthquake • October 1994 – Stafford Act was amended to incorporate Civil Defense Act of 1950 • April 1995 – Murrah building bombing • October 1997 – Project Impact • October 2000 – Disaster Mitigation Act 2000 (DMA 2K)

46. Evolution/History of Emergency Management 2001 – 2004 • 2003 – Creation of U.S. Department of Homeland Security • Emphasis shifted to terrorism prevention and response • Federal Response Plan is superseded by National Response Plan

47. Evolution/History of Emergency Management 2005 – • August 2005 – Hurricane Katrina • October 2006 – Post Katrina Emergency Reform Act • March 2008 – National response plan replaced by national response framework

48. Future of Emergency Management • Emergency Management at local, state & federal levels continue to evolve

49. Summary Can you now: • Define emergency management • Identify the hazards and risks faced in Ohio • Define the phases of emergency management • Define the structure of emergency management in Ohio • Define the evolution of emergency management