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Testing and Evaluation of VOC-Emissions from wood products

Testing and Evaluation of VOC-Emissions from wood products. Dr. Martin Ohlmeyer Institute of Wood Science Conference Edinburgh Castle 22 nd November 2007. Outline. Introduction VOC definitions Emission vs. Immissions Testing Procedures Chamber Method Determination of VOC

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Testing and Evaluation of VOC-Emissions from wood products

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  1. Testing and Evaluation of VOC-Emissions from wood products • Dr. Martin Ohlmeyer • Institute of Wood Science Conference • Edinburgh Castle • 22nd November 2007

  2. Outline • Introduction • VOC definitions • Emission vs. Immissions • Testing Procedures • Chamber Method • Determination of VOC • Approaches to evaluate emissions • Emissions from Wood products

  3. Building Products Living Concept Indoor Climate Furnishing Air Quality Low Energy Introduction • Introduction

  4. Development and launch of several initiatives for an enhanced indoor air quality (IAQ & IEQ), i.e.: • WHO (1989) (Int.) • ECA (1997) (EU) • AgBB (2000) (D) • IRK (2001) (D) • CEN/TC 351 (EU) Consequently Introduction • Raising energy costs • Tight buildings & decreased ventilation rates • Accumulation of airborne substances • Complaints (i.e. Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) and allergic diseases) • 80 … 90% of the day indoors • no legal regulations about substances in indoor air • Eessential Requirement No. 3 of Construction Products Directive • Introduction

  5. Air Immission Emissions vs. Immissions Emission 1 Emission 2 ∑ VOC Emission 3 Emission 4 • Introduction

  6. Guidelines and recommendations for indoor air pollutants α-Pinene RW I: 0,2 mg/m³ RW II: 2 mg/m³ • Introduction

  7. Guidelines and recommendations for indoor air pollutants α-Pinene RW I: 0,4 mg/m³ RW II: 4 mg/m³ • Introduction

  8. VOC Definitions WHO (1989) RL 2004/42/EG Any compound having an initial boiling point ≤ 250°C measured at a standard pressure of 101,3 kPa • Introduction

  9. Testing of Product Emissions • Testing Procedure

  10. Chamber Method V = 23 dm3 V = 1 m3 ISO 16000-9 • Testing Procedure

  11. Conditions in the chamber based on a model room with V = 17,4 m3, A = 7 m2and n = 0,5 h-1 • Testing Procedure

  12. Definitions & Calculation • The concetration C (µg m-3) in air is depending on: • area specific emission rate SERa (µg m-2 h-1) • material surface F (m³) • chamber volume V (m²) • air exchange rate n (h-1) • equation: • Air exchange rate and product loading factor (m²/m³) have an impact on the concentration • At constant conditions and emission rate the concentration is proportional to the size of the product surface and inversely proportional to the air exchange rate • Testing Procedure

  13. Sampling air sampling0,5 ... 4,0 L • Air pump: • sampling flow rate: 50 ... 200 mL / min • sampling flow shall not exceed 80 % of the air flowrate of the chamber • accuracy of air flow: ± 1% ISO 16000-6 • Testing Procedure

  14. TDS-GS/MS Thermal Desorption Unit Cryp Trap Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer • Testing Procedure

  15. other Terpenes + saturated & unsaturated Aldehydes Hexanoic acid Chromatogram (TIC) α-Pinene Product from Pine Wood (Pinus sylvestris L.) Hexanal 3-Carene Toluene (IS) β-Pinene Pentanal • Testing Procedure

  16. Evaluation of Emissions high medium what is high / low ? low • Evaluation

  17. Evaluation Schemes • Evaluation

  18. Labels and Evaluation • "natureplus" (e.g. TVOC28 300 µg/m³) • "Blauer Engel" RAL-UZ 38 (e.g. TVOC28 300 µg/m³) • Committee for Health-related Evaluation of Building Products (AgBB) • applied by German building authorities ("bauaufsichtlichen Zulassung", DIBt) • Emission testing according to ISO 16000-9 • LCI-concept • CEN/TC 351 voluntary obligatory • Evaluation

  19. AgBB • Evaluation

  20. AFSSETAgence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire de l‘Environment et du Travel • based on AgBB: • same testing procedure • but different LCI-valuesCLI (Concentrations Limites d‘Intérêt)NIK (Niedrigste Interessierende Konzentration) • Evaluation

  21. Emissions from Wood? • Emissions from wood

  22. Pine (50% Heartwood) Background TVOC (Jann et al. 1999) Particleboard Risholm-Sundman (1998) • Emissions from wood

  23. Material • Pinus sylvestris L. • Industrially chipped • 100% PMDI • Industry • Laboratory • Emissions from wood

  24. TVOC • Emissions from wood

  25. ∑Terpenes α-Pinene Δ3-Carene β-Pinene Limonene … • Emissions from wood

  26. ∑Aldehydes Pentanal Hexanal Octanal 2-Octenal … • Emissions from wood

  27. Chan (1987) • Emissions from wood

  28. Other Organic Acids Aldehydes Terpenes t (d) • Emissions from wood

  29. Summary • Product emissions contributeto indoor air quality • Emissions are important product properties • Wood products emit VOC • Wood has to meet these requiremtens in the future

  30. Thank you for your attention!

  31. Testing and Evaluation of VOC-Emissions from wood products • Dr. Martin Ohlmeyer • Institute of Wood Science Conference • Edinburgh Castle • 22nd November 2007

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