Written by: Angelia Greiner Additional Material by: Kelley McConathy

1. Written by: Angelia Greiner Additional Material by: Kelley McConathy

2. DEFINITIONS… “A book length story in prose, whose author tries to create a sense that, while we read, we experience actual life.” By X. J. Kennedy “An imaginary work in prose of a considerable length, which presents as real certain characters living in a given environment and describes their attitudes, fate, and adventures.” By Percy Lubbock “An extended fictional narrative, usually written in prose.” Anonymous “The novel is like a symphony In that the closing movement Echoes and resounds with all that has gone before…”’By John Gardner

3. The Novel is a Unique Form of Prose THERE ARE 4 QUALITIES TO THE NOVEL…

4. Quality 1 Length is generally 100 pages or more

5. Quality 2 Emphasis is on the character

6. Quality 3 Allows for more than one theme, conflict, point of view or plot.

7. Quality 4 Plot explores characters in conflict to understand our own humanity

8. NOVEL 50,000 words or more Many characters Complex story Deeper understanding of life or individuals SHORT STORY 5,000 words or less Few or one character Focuses on one event Better understanding of an event or character Novel Compared to the Short Story

9. History of the Novel • Oral telling of myths, history, and stories • Written storytelling in the form of the epic • Written prose fiction concerned with adventure known as the romance. (The French word for the novel is roman) • Written prose fiction concerned with reality or actual life. (The English word for new is novel) 1700s

10. The Industrial Revolution • Mid 18th Century England • Growth of cities due to industry • Ideas and goods are exchanged • New “middle class” is created from industry

11. Birth of the Novel New market for the novel by 1700s! Spending money available for entertainment Increase in the number of people able to read More leisure time available Creation Of The Middle Class

12. The Middle Class Concerned with real problems and real situations!

13. Pope Richardson Early Beginnings–1700s • “The proper study of mankind is man.” —Alexander Pope • Samuel Richardson • Henry Fielding

14. Defoe The Founder of the Modern English Novel • Daniel Defoe • Wrote Robinson Crusoe (1719) • Moll Flanders (1722) • Born 1660 • Died 1731 • Established a “middle class” perspective

15. Basic Elements of the Novel • Plot • Character • Setting • Point of View • Theme

16. Plot • The plot is what happens in the story. climax exposition dénouement

17. Conflict in the Early Novels • Person versus society • Person versus self • Person versus person

18. Person v. Society • Character trapped by circumstances of birth • Character falsely accused by society • Character feels apart from society and discovers own values

19. Person v. Society • Great Expectations • English Society during the Industrial Age • Trapped between two worlds • Middle class audience “... my infant tongue could make of both names nothing longer or more explicit than Pip. So, I called myself Pip, and came to be called Pip. ...”

20. Great Expectations Video Single click screen to view video

21. Person v. Society • Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe • Separated from the cosmopolitan world • Rebels “He hoped I would study law, but all I wanted was to go to sea.”

22. Person v. Society • The Scarlet Letterby Nathaniel Hawthorne • Individual’s triumph over cultural expectations of society • Hester Prynne “Lastly, in lieu of these shifting scenes, came back the rude market-place of the Puritan settlement, with all the townspeople assembled and levelling their stern regards at Hester Prynne,—yes, at herself,—who stood on the scaffold of the pillory, an infant on her arm, and the letter A, in scarlet, fantastically embroidered with gold thread, upon her bosom!” Single click speaker to hear audio clip >>>>

23. The Scarlet Letter Video Single click screen to view video

24. Defoe Dickens Hawthorne Person v. Self • Character finds inner strength despite poor odds • Character must develop moral compass • Character must discover self-worth

25. Person v. Self • Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain • Own sense of morality • Journeyed along Mississippi River • Defines who he is as a man • Returns home—”outgrown” society “But I reckon I got to light out for the Territory aheadof the rest, because Aunt Sally she's going to adoptme and sivilize me, and I can't stand it. I been therebefore.” Single click speaker to hear audio clip >>>>

26. Person v. Self • Moby Dick by Herman Melville • High-seas adventure • Forsakes everything to hunt the great whale • “Enveloped in the whale-lines” “All men live enveloped in whale-lines. All are born with halters round their necks; but it is only when caught in the swift, sudden turn of death, that mortals realize the silent, subtle, ever present perils of life.” Single click speaker to hear audio clip >>>>

27. Person v. Self • Lord of the Ringsby J.R.R. Tolkien • Good vs. evil • Frodo “I will take the Ring,” he said,“though I do not know the way.” —Frodo Elrond raised his eyes and looked at him...“This is the hour of the Shire-folk, when they arisefrom their quiet fields, to shake the towers and counsels of the Great. Who of all the Wise could have foreseen it?”

28. Person v. Person • One character must battle another character to gain power, true love, freedom, justice or acceptance • One group of characters must free themselves from another • One character must confront another to survive

29. Person v. Person • Frankenstein by Mary Shelley • Creature • Companionship “All men hate the wretched; how, then, must I be hated, who am miserable beyond all living things! Yet you, my creator, detest and spurn me, thy creature, to whom thou art bound by ties only dissoluble by the annihilation of one of us. You purpose to kill me. How dare you sport thus with life? Do your duty towards me, and I will do mine towards you and the rest of mankind.” Single click speaker to hear audio clip >>>>

30. Person v. Person • War of the Worlds by H.G. Wells • Science Fiction masterpiece • War erupts: Martians and mankind “Yet across the gulf of space, minds that are to our minds as ours are to those of the beasts that perish, intellects vast and cool and unsympathetic, regarded this earth with envious eyes, and slowly and surely drew their plans against us.”

31. Person v. Person • Lord of the Flies by William Golding • Plane crash—boys left marooned on island • Psychologically fascinating yet horrifying • Mankind’s worst qualities exposed “But Ralph soon regained his senses. Homesick and tired, he again competed with Jack for the role of leader. Sensing Jack's unstable nature, most of the boys again voted for Ralph, whereupon, Jack gathered his loyal hunters and struck out into the jungle to become his own tribal chieftain.” Single click speaker to hear audio clip >>>>

32. Character • Character: person in a literary work • Main character: the protagonist • Character in direct conflict with the protagonist: the antagonist

33. From the Novel to the Movies! Protagonist Antagonist

34. Point of View • Author’s choice of narrator for a story • A story can be told in many different ways

35. First Person Point of View • Narrator is character in story

36. Captain Ahab and Huck Finn “Call me Ishmael.” ––from Moby Dick “It's lovely to live on a raft. We had the sky up there, all speckled with stars, and we used to lay on our backs and look up at them, and discuss about whether they was made or only just happened.”––Huckleberry Finn, from The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

37. Second Person • Refers to the use of “you” in writings

38. Narration: “He hasn’t disappointed her yet. You have. She looks at you through a veneer of resignation. Her eyes glow, her lower lip barely trembling. And well she might fear you.” from The Bride Wore Redby Robbie Sethi Directions: Use the following diagram in assembling the bookcase. Memo: You will receive the following checklist of supplies in the next week. Explanation: This Power- Point® presentation is to help you understand the elements of a novel. Second Person Examples

39. Third Person Point of View • Narrator is not a character in the story • Third person point of view written in variety of ways • Third Person (Limited) • Third Person (Multiple Viewpoints) • Third Person (Omniscient)

40. “The agony of my feelings allowed me no respite; no incident occurred from which my rage and misery could not extract its food ...” The monster, from Frankenstein “She had not known the weight until she felt the freedom!” from The Scarlet Letter "Bah!" said Scrooge. "Humbug!" from A Christmas Carol "Man," I cried, "how ignorant art thou in thy pride of wisdom!" Victor Frankenstein,from Frankenstein From what viewpoint is the narrator speaking?

41. Setting • Where and when a story takes place • Time of day or year • Geographical location • Climate or weather • Immediate surroundings of character

42. Purpose of Setting • Become the antagonist • Create atmosphere • Tell about a character • Reinforce an overall idea

43. Setting Examples • Puritan New England in The Scarlet Letter • The Mississippi River in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn • The Atlantic Oceanin Moby Dick • A deserted island in Lord of the Flies • 1920s Jazz Age in The Great Gatsby

44. The Great Gatsby Video Single click screen to view video

45. Theme • Central idea that serves to unify the story • Every element of the novel contributes

46. Theme Topics • Teamwork • Discrimination • Pride • Trust • Resourcefulness • Challenges • Ethical dilemmas • Nature • Leadership • Euthanasia • Commitment • Diversity • Freedom • Guilt • Love • Convictions • Heroes • Community • Social change • Loss • Patriotism • Communication • Evil • Family • Friendship • Loyalty • Power • Acceptance • Hope • Friendship • Customs • Loneliness • Values • Money • Death • War • Choices • Prejudice • Denial • Poverty

47. Genres • Subject or category of literature • Novels can fall into multiple genres

48. Genre Examples Mayflower by Nathaniel Philbrick The Notebook by Nicholas Sparks The Dead Zone by Stephen King Telegraph Days by Larry McMurtry Love Walked In by Marisa de los Santos Murder On The Orient Express by Agatha Christie

49. The Novel’s Many Forms Historical Novel Nonfiction Novel Bildungsroman Novel Picaresque Novel Trilogy Novel Novelette or Novella

50. The Historical Novel • Fiction that has its basis in historical fact • The Scarlet Letter • The Red Badge of Courage • The Grapes of Wrath • All Quiet on the Western Front