Medicine and illegal Drugs

1. Medicine and illegal Drugs

2. What are Drugs? A Drug is any chemical substance that cause a change in a persons physical or psychological state. A substance can make a person feel good or make them stop feeling bad. The chemical substance in drugs may have effects on perception, consciousness, personality and/or behavior.

3. 5 Ways Drugs enter the body. -Ears, eyes, nose -Transdermal patches (absorbed through the skin then into the bloodstream). • Smoked or Inhaled • Injected • Orally swallowed

4. Have you ever taking medicine before? • How did it affect your body? • What do you know about illegal drugs? Why do some people take them?

5. Using Drugs as Medicine Medicine – any drug that is used to cure, prevent, or treat illness or discomfort. - Instructions are very important

6. What are the differences and similarities between: • prescription medicine? • Over-the- counter medicine? List some examples ? When taken both at the same time the expected effect can be different, which is known as druginteraction.

7. Side Effects and Drug Allergies • Side effects: dry mouth, drowsiness, or a headache. Others can be nausea, hair loss, dizziness, and exhaustion. • Most packages list the side effects • Anything unexpected contact your doctor • Drug Allergy: a bad reaction to a specific medicine. • Minor = Rash, Major = inability to breath • Be sure to let your doctor know what you are allergic to before he prescribes you a medicine.

8. What is tolerance? • What is an overdose? What can it result in?

9. The Food and Drug Administration • Scientists Develop or discover a new drug • Scientists test the drug on animals • If safe testing begins on healthy humans. • Drug is then tested on a human with the disorder • Drug creators apply to the FDA for approval. • FDA reviews the research and either APPROVES OR REJECTS. • Sometimes, drugs that have been approved have to be recalled.

10. Drug Abuse and Addiction What is Drug addiction? • Can start off as recreational use, which can lead to addiction and dependence. Needing the drug in order to function.

11. Physical Dependence? • Psychological Dependence? • Withdrawal ? • Symptoms: anxiety, fever, cramps, nausea, seizures. • depression, nervousness, sleeplessness, irritability.

12. Drug Addiction and Relationships • Close friends • Families • Girlfriend, boyfriend • Many times when a person has an addiction to drugs that persons family and friends are usually affected more than anyone else is, including the attic.

13. School Problems Due to Drug Addiction • Difficulty focusing • Grades become to drop • Failure • Expulsion • Repeat grade • Not getting into college • Not getting a job

14. The Cost of Drug Addiction • Drugs can become very expensive • Hundreds of dollars EACH DAY • To support their habit they need to find other ways to get money because they cannot keep a job. • In 2004, 32% of prisoners in state prisons said that they were under the influence of drugs when they committed the crimes for which they were serving time.

15. Stimulants • Stimulants – any drug that increases the body’s activity. These type of drugs cause your heart rate and breathing to speed up. • Other symptoms are: Feeling awake and alert. • Types: caffeine, cocaine, crack cocaine, and methamphetamine. • Can cause you to stay awake for days at a time.

16. Crack and Crack Cocaine • Cocaine – powerful drug (stimulant) made from coca plant. Cocaine comes in a white powder and inhaled through the nose. • Crack Cocaine (ROCK) – cocaine that is altered or cooked into a different form, which can be smoked. Effects are more intense and do not last as long as cocaine. • Euphoria – physical and mental sense of well-being. (exaggerated state of mind) • Due to the short lived effects of both drugs people must use the drug often to make the effects last.

17. Methamphetamine • A stimulant that is synthetic and comes in rock form. • Street Names: Meth, Crystal, Crystal Meth • Ways that it is used: smoked, injected or inhaled. • Effects will last for hours and is extremely addictive. • Short term-effects: euphoria, decreased appetite, increased body temperature. • Permanent kidney damage, and/or liver damage, brain damage, death.

18. Depressants (Sedatives) • Any drug that decreases activity in the body. • HR and breathing slows down. BP also drops. Mild relaxation and deep sleep. • Types: Tranquilizers – mild depressants help treat anxiety. - Hypnotics – very powerful depressants • Addictive • Overdose – can cause coma, death and brain damage. • Interact strongly with alcohol causing severe effects.

19. Rohypnol • Very powerful depressant and are small and white tablets, which last for 8 hours. • Street names: Roach, roofies, or rope. • Effects: sleepiness, slurred speech, impaired judgment, difficulty walking, loss of muscle control. Effects become increased when mixed with alcohol. • Blackout – is the inability to remember anything that happened while under the drugs effects.

20. Marijuana • Dried flowers and leaves of the Cannabis plant. Can possibly be the most popular drug abused. • Street names: Grass, weed, pot, dope, Mary Jane, green, bud and reefer. • Effects of marijuana? • Most of the time it is smoked, but can be mixed with food and eaten. • THC – chemical substance in marijuana. Levels of THC may vary based on the plant.

21. Long – Term Effects of Marijuana • Decreases ability to think and concentrate • Decreases desire and energy. • Because it is smoked marijuana use can have similar effects as smoking cigarettes. • Chronic bronchitis • Respiratory problems.

22. What are Opiates? • Any drug that is produced from the milk of the opium poppy (flower from Europe and Asia). • Extremely addictive (quickly addictive) • STRONG HIGH • Develops a strong tolerance • Hardest addiction to break • Intense withdrawals: cramps, vomiting, muscle pain, shaking, chills, panic attacks.

23. Types of Opiates • Prescription Opiates: used to heal pain, treating coughs and intestinal problems. These can be abused leading to addiction with failure of following a doctors instructions. • Heroin: can be the most powerful and addictive opiate. Made from Morphine. • Inhaled, smoked, • Most popular way to take it is to inject it. • Effects: euphoria, sleepiness, warm feeling in the skin, shallow breathing and nausea. • Using dirty needles can lead to diseases such as hepatitis or HIV.

24. Hallucinogens • A drug that causes a person to Hallucinate. What does is mean to Hallucinate? “Trip”?? • Common Hallucinogens: LSD, acid, Mushrooms, PCP, angel dust, Peyote, mescaline. • Flashbacks – hallucinogen’s effects happen again long after the drug was originally taken. (days, week, years).

25. Inhalants • Inhalant – any drug that are inhaled and absorbed into the bloodstream through the lungs. • Common Inhalants: household cleaners, spray paint, glue, freon, nitrous oxide (Whip-its). • Short Term effects, but extremely dangerous. Oxygen flow to your brain is replaced by another chemical. This can result in death and brain damage.

26. Designer Drugs • A Drug that is produced by making a small chemical change to a drug that already exists. • Unpredictable effects

27. Types of Designer Drugs • Ecstasy – Common name give to the stimulant chemical MDMA. • X, XTC, E • Pill form, but can be snorted • Lasts for 4 – 6 hours (Increased energy, tingling in the skin, sensitivity to touch) • GHB – a drug that is made from the anesthetic GBL. (an ingredient to pesticides) • Outlawed in 2000 • - Clear colorless liquid that looks like water, also looks like white powder. - Loss of consciousness and can die

28. Designer Drugs • Ketamine – a powerful drug that is closely related to hallucinogen PCP (angel dust). • Special K, K, Kit Kat, Vitamin K • Users experience dissociation – separation from reality. They also experience numbness, inability to move and loss of memory.

29. Staying Drug Free • Reason’s for staying Drug free can vary based on the person, but some can be true for everybody. • Staying healthy • Staying in control • Making good decisions • Staying out of jail • Saving your money REFUSING DRUGS: “NO, THANK YOU” If NO doesn’t work what are some excuses or reason you would use? ** Avoid pressure situations altogether!!

30. Getting Help • Knowing when you need help and realizing you have a problem is the first step. Treatment cannot start until a person recognizes they have a problem. • Helping someone else you may feel or know has a drug problem. INTERVENTION – is a gathering in which the people who are close to a person who is abusing drugs try to get the person to accept help by relating stories of how his or her drug problem has affected them. • Counseling can allow a drug user to discuss his or her emotional problems with someone who is trained.

31. Getting Help • What is a treatment center? • Detoxification is the process by? This can be a very long and painful process. What type of symptoms can a person feel during this period? • Support Groups are a group of people who have undergone the same or very similar problems. Other than the user who else may need support? • Recovery is NEVER one step it is a difficult lifelong process that has to be ongoing.