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The Pax Romana

The Pax Romana. The Roman Empire. Augustus Caesar aka – Octavian, sets up Roman Empire in 27 BC after defeating Marc Anthony . Creates many reforms like: Civil service system – people of all classes can have jobs. Set up uniform rule of law Guaranteed safe travel/trade on Roman roads

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The Pax Romana

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  1. The Pax Romana

  2. The Roman Empire • Augustus Caesaraka – Octavian, sets up Roman Empire in 27 BC after defeating Marc Anthony. • Creates many reforms like: • Civil service system – people of all classes can have jobs. • Set up uniform rule of law • Guaranteed safe travel/trade on Roman roads • Created common coinage - make trade easier. • PRAETORIAN GUARD- Policeof Rome

  3. The Pax Romana • Augustus’ reign started 200 year period known as PaxRomana – Roman peace. • 27 BC to AD 180 was peaceful and stable. • **ONLY INSTABILITY** was transfer of power - law didn’t provide easy succession of Emperors.

  4. Awesome Augustus (27 B.C. - 14 A.D.) • Often said Emperor Augustus, “Found Rome a city of brick and left it a city of marble.” • Unified and enlarged Roman Empire using imperial authority and strong military. http://www.unf.edu/classes/freshmancore/core1images/augustus.jpg

  5. The Julian Emperors • Augustus dies in AD 14. • 4 emperors who follow are the Julianemperors = all related to JuliusCaesar.

  6. Tiberius (14-37 A.D.) • Very unpopular • Known for making poor decisions and for attacking his enemies. • Said that ruling Rome was like “holding a wolf by it’s ears.” http://www.pbs.org/empires/romans/empire/tiberius.html

  7. Crazy Caligula! (37-41 A.D.) • Caligula takes over in AD 37. • Grand- nephew to Tiberius • Brutal, corrupt, mentally disturbed • Names his horse to be a consul. • Praetorian Guard assassinatedCrazy Caligula in AD 41. http://www.aeria.phil.uni-erlangen.de/photo_html/portraet/roemisch/kaiserzeit/benannt/caligula/caligu4.JPG

  8. Crippled Claudius(41-54 A.D.) • Paralyzed uncle of Caligula takes over in AD 41. • Very smart, great leader. • His humility made him very popular • Dies in AD 54 • Stepson Nero takes the throne http://www.pbs.org/empires/romans/empire/claudius.html

  9. Nasty Nero(54-68 A.D.) • Got the crazy genes from Caligula. • Had mother, wife, and many senators murdered. • Persecuted Christians • Neglected duties, became fearful he would be killed, and committed suicide in AD 68. http://www.pbs.org/empires/romans/empire/nero.html

  10. Confusion and Chaos • In next year, 4 generals lead Rome (“The Year of the Four Emperors”). • Vespasianeventually wins, starts rule in AD 69. (rules for ten years) • Extends Roman citizenship to all men in military. • Sons Titus and Domitian take over.

  11. Vespasian(69-79 A.D.) • Pivotal moment: The first emperor not related to the family of Augustus, Vespasian achieved imperial power by the support of the armies and via a special law enacted to confer authority on him. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/romans/romespivotalemperors_gallery_02.shtml

  12. The Good Emperors • Good Emperors rule from AD 96- 180. • Include : • Nerva– appointed by Senate, popular with people, not with military • Trajan- extended empire to its furthest reaches • Hadrian– Builds Wall across north Britain to protect against invaders. • Secured the Roman borders. • AntoninusPius • Marcus Aurelius – Respected scholar - His death in AD 180 ends the PaxRomana

  13. Hadrian • 117-138 A.D. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/romans/romespivotalemperors_gallery_03.shtml

  14. Hadrian’s Wall http://www.contours.co.uk/self-guided/images/hadrians-wall.gif http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/upload/img_400/hw_housesteads_03.jpg

  15. Marcus Aurelius • ･Born 121 AD • Reigned 161 - 180 AD http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/romans/romespivotalemperors_gallery_04.shtml http://skyscraper.fortunecity.com/quantum/773/fotos/gladiator6.jpg

  16. Summary • “The emperor was what he did.” • Regardless of the strengths or weaknesses of a leader, Rome still ran fairly smoothly. • Many of the problems are rooted in the fact that Augustus never set up clear standards for succession of power. • The emperor answered first and foremost to the military.

  17. The End of the Pax Romana • A succession of weak leaders and civil wars follows as Rome begins its slow decline.

  18. Reflection • After learning about some of the emperors, the Pax Romana does not seem very peaceful? Why do you think it carried that name?

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