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The Pax Romana

The Pax Romana. Ancient Rome Unit. http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=60907. Causes for Decline of the Roman Republic. After Roman Republic begins policy of imperialism , which quickly leads to decline. What is imperialism?

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The Pax Romana

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  1. The Pax Romana Ancient Rome Unit http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=60907

  2. Causes for Decline of the Roman Republic • After Roman Republic begins policy of imperialism, which quickly leads to decline. • What is imperialism? • characterizing the rule or authority of a sovereign state over its dependencies. • What wars do you believe would have started this? • After the Punic Wars, the Republic is consumed by civil war. • Factors are described in the FALLS Mnemonic that we just learned. • Leads to chaos, corruption, and end of Republic.

  3. Fall related to the new pressures of new social and economic conditions. • Political leaders often resorted to violence to solve problems instead of compromise. http://www.ancientworlds.net/aworlds_media/ibase_1/00/04/06/00040687_000.gif

  4. A huge migration of small farmers into cities = no jobs

  5. Lots of slaves from newly conquered territories • By the fall of the Republic, between 1 & 3 million people living in Rome were slaves. (~35% of population!!) • Slave rebellions in places like Sicily (led by Spartacus) led to grain shortages and chaos. http://www.sbceo.k12.ca.us/~vms/carlton/Rome_Reading_1.html

  6. Loss of value of Roman money, inflation

  7. Spark = Death of Julius Caesar and the fighting over his heir (44 B.C.) • Julius Caesar took power as part of the First Triumvirate (a group of three leaders). • Caesar wrestled power away from the other two leaders and in 49 B.C. became the dictator of Rome. • Many Senators, led by Brutus, felt he was too powerful and conspired to kill him. • On March 15, 44 B.C. (The “ides” of March), Caesar is ambushed and killed by members of the Senate. http://www.sbceo.k12.ca.us/~vms/carlton/Rome_Reading_1.html

  8. Who is Julius Caesar? • 60 BC FirstTriumvirate (have to remember this term!) takes control – group of three that rule. • Julius Caesar is one of the three • After a few years, other two die; one dies, one murdered. • Caesar gains control, named dictator for life. • People afraid he would gain too much power • So what do they do?

  9. Death to Caesar • 60 senators plot to kill him • Stabbed to death on the Ides of March in the Senate. • Does he have a clear heir?

  10. Video Clip • While watching this video, identify the following two people. • Mark Anthony • Octavian Augustus

  11. The Pax Romana “Roman Peace” (27 B.C.-180 A.D.) • So to review: • Caesar dies 44 B.C. • Augustus is in Caesar’s will, Marc Anthony is angry. • They fight, then cooperate, with Marc Anthony ruling in the East and Augustus in the West. • Augustus gains total control in 31 BC after defeating Anthony and Cleopatra– becomes 1st Roman Emperor. • 27 B.C. – Augustus begins a series of reforms to usher in the Pax Romana. 2nd Triumvirate!

  12. The Period known as the P.A.X. Romana is remembered for three reasons.

  13. Peace for Two Centuries (27 B.C. – 180 A.D.) • Why? • The Roman Empire was too strong and united to be challenged. • The Roman military was nearly invincible. http://fiestasiesta.co.uk/history/img/RomanLegion.jpg

  14. Augustus Caesar established the Pax Romana • Often said Emperor Augustus, “Found Rome a city of brick and left it a city of marble.” • Unified and enlarged Roman Empire using imperial authority and strong military. http://www.roman-britain.org/people/augustus.gif

  15. Xpansion and Solidification of Roman Empire http://www.usu.edu/markdamen/ClasDram/images/12/25map07paxromana.jpg

  16. Reflection • We just defined the characteristics of the Pax Romana (PAX). What are some things that Augustus probably did to create the Pax Romana?

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