1 / 24

Agents of Disease

Agents of Disease. Mrs. Pittaluga 8 th Grade Science. Viruses. http://www.examiner.com/article/swine-flu-h1n1-pandemic-should-not-mean-panic. H1N1 Virus. Characteristics. Nonliving Neither a prokaryote or an eukaryote Prokaryote – no nucleus or other defined organelles

haracha
Download Presentation

Agents of Disease

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Agents of Disease Mrs. Pittaluga 8th Grade Science

  2. Viruses http://www.examiner.com/article/swine-flu-h1n1-pandemic-should-not-mean-panic H1N1 Virus

  3. Characteristics • Nonliving • Neither a prokaryote or an eukaryote • Prokaryote – no nucleus or other defined organelles • Eukaryote – nucleus and defined organelles http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varicella_zoster_virus Varicella Virus – Chicken Pox

  4. Other Characteristics • Neither a heterotroph nor an autotroph • Reproduces by invading host cells • Two parts: • Protective protein outer coat (called the capsid) • Inner core that stores genetic material • Because viruses are non-living, antibiotics are ineffective. • Immunizations help prevent viral infections • Anti-virals are typical method of treatment (Tamiflu)

  5. Method of Infection • Invades a cell and reproduces inside the cell until it splits open and destroys the cell • How Viruses Attack

  6. Common Viruses • Common Cold • Flu – H1N1 (Swine Flu), Bird Flu (H5N1) • HIV/AIDS • Chicken Pox/Shingles • Polio • Rabies

  7. Bacteria • Living • Prokaryote – no nucleus • Single celled organism • Good and bad bacteria http://www.terrebonneonline.com/b2eukpro.htm

  8. Other Characteristics • Both heterotrophs and autotrophs • Heterotrophs gain their food from other organisms or from food other organisms make. • Autotrophs gain their food by capturing and using the sun’s energy • Rapid growth by means of either asexual (binary fission) or sexual reproduction (conjugation). • Different shapes – spiral, round, rod-shaped • There are approximately five nonillion (5 x 1030) on Earth • The study of bacteria is bacteriology, a branch of microbiology

  9. Shapes of Bacteria • 3 primary shapes • Spherical (cocci/coccus) • Streptococcus (Strep throat, Scarlet fever, pneumonia) • Rod-shaped (bacilli/bacillum) – Most common shape • Salmonella • Lactobacillus acidophilus (yogurt) • Spiral (spirilli/spirillum) • Cholera • Lyme Disease http://www.desktopclass.com/education/fafsc/structure-of-bacteria-part-1-f-sc-biology-chapter-6.html

  10. Method of Infection • Some bacteria invade cells directly • Some bacteria produce toxins which damage cells • Can be treated with antibiotics • Amoxicillin (Amoxil) • Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) • Azithromycin (Zithromax) • Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (Septra) Cholera Bacteria

  11. Diseases Caused by Bacteria • Strep Throat • Tuberculosis • Anthrax • Bubonic Plague • E. Coli • Necrotizing Fasciitis (“Flesh-eating bacteria”) – Streptococcus pyogenes • Acidophilus (good bacteria) E. Coli Bacteria

  12. Protists The Kingdom of Protists are kind of like the misfits. They contain a variety of characteristics that do not place them in any of the other kingdoms of life. (Monera – bacteria, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia)

  13. Protists • Living • Eukaryotes – they do have a nucleus • 3 primary types • Plant-like • Animal-like • Fungus-like

  14. Other Characteristics • Usually grow in wet places • Most are heterotrophs • Three forms of movement • Flagella • Pseudopods • Cilia • Some are parasites to humans

  15. Method of Infection • Drinking contaminated water • Eating contaminated food • Sustaining an insect bite

  16. Diseases Caused by Protists • Malaria (Plasmodium) • Giardiasis (Giardiaintestinalis) • Amoebic dysentary (Entamoebahystolica) • African Sleeping Sickness (Trypanosoma)

  17. Fungi

  18. Characteristics • Living • Eukaroyotes • Heterotrophs • Use spores to reproduce • Are decomposers • Live in damp, warm places • Some are parasites to humans

  19. Classification of Fungi Club Fungi Sac Fungi Zygote Fungi

  20. Methods of Infection • Spores from an infected person can survive on damp surfaces (showers) and infect skin • Growth on skin: • Asexual reproduction – budding • Sexual reproduction – Hyphae of two fungi grow together and exchange genetic material

  21. Diseases Caused by Fungus • Fungal Meningitis (not contagious) • Jock Itch –Tineacruris • Athlete’s foot • Ringworm

  22. Helminths • Multicellular organisms with a physiology that is similar to humans so they are difficult to treat • Diseases include: • Schistosomiasis (caused by the Schistosoma flatworm) • Trichinosis (caused by the Trichinellaspiralis roundworm) • Guinea worm disease (caused by Dracunculusmedinensisroundworm)

  23. Prions • New classification of pathogen (last few decades) • Infectious Proteins • Diseases include: • Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in humans • Scrapie in sheep • Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (“mad cow disease”) in cattle

More Related