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The Renaissance

The Renaissance. 1500-1660. Renaissance Mindset. THE RENAISSANCE WAS AN AGE OF INDIVIDUAL PERSONALITIES, LIBERATED FROM THE POLITICAL CONSTRAINTS OF HOLY ROMAN EMPEROR AND POPE, FREE TO UNDERSTAND AND EXPRESS THEMSELVES FOR GOOD OR EVIL. MOTTO: “MAN IS THE MEASURE OF ALL THINGS.”

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The Renaissance

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  1. The Renaissance 1500-1660

  2. Renaissance Mindset • THE RENAISSANCE WAS AN AGE OF INDIVIDUAL PERSONALITIES, LIBERATED FROM THE POLITICAL CONSTRAINTS OF HOLY ROMAN EMPEROR AND POPE, FREE TO UNDERSTAND AND EXPRESS THEMSELVES FOR GOOD OR EVIL. • MOTTO: “MAN IS THE MEASURE OF ALL THINGS.” • Renaissance - rebirth (L. root “nas / nat” – birth; prefix “re” – again)

  3. Human Horizons Widened • Revival of scholarship based on works of Aristotle and Plato • Queen Elizabeth established some free schools • Belief that 400 A. D. – 1500 A.D. had been a “dark night” of ignorance

  4. Humanism • VIEW OF WORLD WITH HUMAN KIND AT CENTER ;CONCERNED WITH HUMAN INTERESTS / VALUES • GOALS: PERFECTION OF INDIVIDUAL HUMAN CHARACTER AND REFORM OF PUBLIC EVILS IN CHURCH AND STATE

  5. Advances in Science & Geography • SCIENCE • *COPERNICUS (POLAND) -heliocentric • *GALILEO (ITALY) • GEOGRAPHY • SIR FRANCIS DRAKE (ENGLAND) • HERNANDO CORTES (SPAIN) • BALBOA (SPAIN) • FOUNDING OF NORTH AMERICAN COLONIES

  6. Protestant Reformation • RELIGIOUS REFORM • *MARTIN LUTHER’S NINETY-FIVE THESES • *HENRY VIII’S BREAK WITH CHURCH • *THE BOOK OF COMMON PRAYER WIDELY AVAILABLE IN ENGLISH • *THE KING JAMES BIBLE WRITTEN IN ENGLISH (IAMBIC PENTAMETER)

  7. CULTURAL CHANGES • CULTURE • *END OF FEUDALISM • *EMERGENCE OF URBAN CULTURE • AND CAPITALIST ECONOMY • *EMERGENCE OF PROSPEROUS MIDDLE CLASS • * GROWTH OF LAY, NOT CLERICAL, CULTURE

  8. SOCIAL CHANGES • PRIZED MORAL / INTELLECTUAL NOBILITY OVER BIRTHRIGHT • SOCIAL CLASSES LESS RIGID; A MAN OF NATURAL TALENT COULD RISE TO THE TOP OF SOCIAL LADDER

  9. Changes in Attitude • LIFE NO LONGER SEEN AS A “JOURNEY THROUGH A VALE OF TEARS,” BUT AS A BEAUTIFUL, EXCITING END-IN-ITSELF RENAISSANCE ART REFLECTS THIS NEW OPTIMISM ABOUT HUMAN LIFE

  10. ELIZABETHAN AGE • TUDORS AND STUARTS RULED • ELIZABETH, A TUDOR, RULED 45 YEARS. SINCE SHE NEVER MARRIED, ELIZABETH WAS SOMETIMES CALLED “THE VIRGIN QUEEN.” SHE CAME TO THE THRONE AT AGE 18. • THE RENAISSANCE IN ENGLAND IS KNOWN AS THE ELIZABETHAN AGE.

  11. RENAISSANCE LITERATURE • LITERATURE SHOULD BE STUDIED FOR ITS OWN SAKE AS WELL AS IN INTEREST OF • HUMAN VIRTUE • *THE SONNET - a fourteen line poem with a fixed pattern of rhyme and meter (Shakespearean, Petrarchan, and Spenserian) • * THE ESSAY, LOVE POETRY, DRAMA • *ONE FORM: BLANK VERSE (UNRHYMED • IAMBIC PENTAMETER)

  12. Poetry and Drama • CAVALIER POETS--LOYAL TO CHARLES I; wrote about love and patriotism • *METAPHYSICAL POETS (JOHN DONNE) • POETRY CHARACTERIZED BY HIGH INTELLECTUALISM, EVEN IN LOVE POETRY; AND CONCEITS • *REDISCOVERY OF ARISTOTLE’S POETICS INFLUENCED DRAMA.

  13. The Renaissance Man COURTIER PATRIOT, SOLDIER, SCHOLAR,POET • EDUCATED IN CLASSICAL / MODERN LANG. • SIGNS OF “MORAL AND INTELLECTUAL NOBILITY:” RHETORICAL ELOQUENCE, REFINED DICTION, URBANE WIT, RECTITUDE OF CONDUCT STILL DEVOUTLY RELIGIOUS BUT ENGAGED IN WORLDLY PURSUITS IN LOVE WITH LIFE -- CARPEDIEM MOTIF

  14. Themes for Hamlet • HUMANS FIND EMOTIONAL ATTACHMENTS NECESSARY. • A HIGHER BEING OFTEN AIDS MAN IN HIS RIGHTEOUS BATTLES. •  NOTHING IS AS PAINFUL TO THE HUMAN HEART AS INSENSITIVITY OR BETRAYAL ON THE PART OF A LOVED AND TRUSTED PERSON. •  LIFE IS FULL OF OBLIGATIONS AND TRIALS. • HONOR CAN HELP ONE TO DO GOOD.

  15. THEMES FOR POETRY • PAIN IS ASSOCIATED WITH UNREQUITED LOVE. • LIFE AND BEAUTY ARE TRANSITORY. • TIME INEXORABLY ERODES ALL THINGS MORTAL AND MATERIAL, BUT ART AND LOVE ARE ETERNAL. • IN PERIODS OF DESPAIR AND SORROW, THE THOUGHTS OF THOSE ONE LOVES ARE A SOURCE OF STRENGTH AND SUSTENANCE. • HONOR CAN HELP ONE TO DO GOOD

  16. THEMES FOR POETRY • RECOGNITION OF A LOVED ONE’S MORTALITY STRENGTHENS LOVE FOR THAT PERSON. • LOVE CAN BE STRONG, STEADFAST, AND CONSTANT. • MANKIND NEEDS A HUMAN LISTENER. DEATH IS OFTEN SEEN AS GIVING REST. • LIFE IS FULL OF OBLIGATIONS AND TRIALS.

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