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Vocabulary Level D

Vocabulary Level D. Notes Pronunciation key is below the word. Darken all semi-colons because they separate distinct definitions. Write vocab. word in its correct form in blank and underline context clues!. Never Forget :. “In vocabulary, as in life, context is everything !”

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Vocabulary Level D

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  1. Vocabulary Level D Notes Pronunciation key is below the word. Darken all semi-colons because they separate distinct definitions. Write vocab. word in its correct form in blank and underline context clues!

  2. Never Forget: “In vocabulary, as in life, context is everything!” J. E. Ross The best sections in which to find good context clues are: • Completing the Sentence • Sample sentences below definition • Choosing the Right Word • Initial reading passage

  3. Unit 1 • admonish: slightly neg. connotation; transitive = must have a direct object; d. o. = people or groups of people • breach: verb form = transitive; types of things that can be breached – security, etiquette, rules, contract, offensive line (football); noun often used w/ “of” or “in” • brigand:  • circumspect:  describes people • commandeer: often ; trans.; someone takes command of something w/out giving the person who owns it a choice

  4. 6. cumbersome:  could describe a thing or a process; occasionally a person 7. deadlock:  process that should go forward cannot 8. debris:  9. diffuse: verb = science often– usually intrans. (no d. o.); middle def. refers to spoken or written language  10. dilemma:  11. efface: weather can efface writing on tombstones; people who are self-effacing try NOT to be noticed

  5. 12. muddle: , noun and verb; “muddle through” means to get by, probably barely 13. opinionated: , applies to people or groups of people 14. perennial: can apply to anything that comes up over and over (like PSSAs or heavy traffic at the mall during the holidays) 15. predispose: often used in past tense as adj.; I’ve found that people who are opinionated are predisposed to like those with similar opinions. 16. relinquish: trans.; d. o. = something one doesn’t necessarily want to give up (implies reluctance)

  6. 17. salvage:  although applying to neg. situation; verb form = trans; can apply to any disaster; can be figurative (salvaging a reputation) 18. spasmodic: unpredictable, sometimes frightening (gunfire, thunder) 19. spurious: , describes something that could be authentic but isn’t (watches, support for an argument, feelings that people fake) 20. unbridled: doesn’t refer to something that CAN’T be controlled– just something that ISN’T– enthusiasm, ambition, greed

  7. Unit 1 Wrap • In which of your classes this year do students get admonished the most? Why? • What provisions have been made in Penndale to help prevent a security breach? • In what types of school-related activities, either in class or after school, are you required to be the most circumspect? • What speaker whom you have heard in the last year has been the most diffuse?

  8. Unit 1 Wrap • In what class would you be required to evaluate claims and determine if they are genuine or spurious? • Under which schedule, this year’s or last year’s, are you required to carry around a more cumbersome pile of books and materials? • Is there a moment that happened in elementary school that you wish you could efface from your memory? • Which privilege that you have earned as you’ve gotten older are you most reluctant to relinquish?

  9. Unit 1 Wrap 9. If you could change a rule or procedure here at Penndale, what change would you greet with unbridled enthusiasm?

  10. Venn Diagram Info efface • time, elements in addition to people • no longer exists trans. verb • “gone” factor relinquish • only people/ sentient beings • exists but not in one’s possession

  11. Venn Diagram Info cumbersome • can refer to bulky things • awkward but not impossible • is • adj. •  • can describe process muddled • can refer to thinking • can be verb • becomes

  12. Venn Diagram Info commandeer • S. = people; • D.O. = thing • purpose = use trans. verbs •  • sub = people w/ authority admonish • Sub. and D.O. = people • purpose = order or compliance

  13. Unit 2 • adjourn – trans.; proceedings that people are involved with; the one in control does the adjourning • alien -  -- can be noun or adj. • comely -  external appearances • compensate -  people get compensated for $, time, effort; when one sense is diminished, other senses may compensate for its loss • dissolute -  people w/ no moral compass • erratic -  refers to something that can have a dependable pattern but doesn’t

  14. Unit 2 7. expulsion -  -- from somewhere/something 8. feint – strategic move to “fake out” an opponent 9. fodder – can be figurative 10. fortify -  - processed foods are often fortified b/c the processing takes out nutrients 11. illegible 12. jeer -  -- bullies start here often-noun and verb 13. lucrative -  $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 14. mediocre -  meh

  15. Unit 2 15. proliferate – something has a life of its own 16. subjugate -  can be used literally (politics– dictators), figuratively – people can subjugate their emotions 17. sully -  lit. or fig.– can be sullied– honor, reputation, good name, image 18. tantalize -  19. terse – language/words 20. unflinching -  - always in the face of something negative; describe loyalty, devotion, courage, determination

  16. Unit 3 • abridge – transitive- d.o. = something written, time, space; fig. or lit. • adherent – same root as adhesive; people– to or of something/someone (stated or implied) • altercation – emotional & concrete; can escalate to something physical  • cherubic – literal or figurative  • condone – trans.=d.o. must be negative; “look the other way” when one shouldn’t • dissent – BIG, abstract, intransitive; dissent from– stated or implied

  17. Unit 3 7. eminent – reputation or ability (people) ; second def. = physical 8. exorcise – trans.- d. o. = something negative (literal or figurative) 9. fabricate – trans. – d.o.= concrete or abstract 10. gluttony – pattern of being greedy “glutton for punishment) 11. irate - !!! 12. marauder -  brigand; “Marauder’s Map” 13. pauper - 

  18. Unit 3 14. pilfer -  usually of small value 15. rift – concrete or abstract (relational) 16. semblance – (re-) used w/ OF 17. surmount -  trans.- d.o.= something neg. to achieve something pos! 18. terminated – trans.- d.o. = something in progress or in effect (relationship, contract, meeting) 19. trite - relates to language, written or spoken 20. usurp -  trans.- d.o.= position, often of power, or a role or office

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