Responding to the global challenges through English at schools

1. Responding to the global challenges through English at schools Fuad Abdul Hamied Indonesia

2. ? • Substance or medium of instruction • Standards or existing potentials • “Englishization” or internationalization

3. English at schools? “although dynamics of power and domination may be invisible, they permeate the fabric of classroom life” (Auerbach 1995, p. 9)

4. English at schools? • “if we elevate language, … to a central role in the (re)production of global inequalities, the relationship between English and these inequalities becomes on the one hand stronger but on the other more open to resistance” (Pennycook 1995, p. 53)

5. English at schools? “…any language that has acquired global spread and status runs the risk of being potentially hegemonic, but users of that global language are also granted access to ‘new worlds’ that that language opens up” (Samuel 2000, p. 2)

6. English at schools? “English speakers, the world over, have turned the language into a multi-faceted one, serving both global and local needs. This phenomenon of Glocal English … achieving range and depth in its spread” (Anne Pakir 2000, p. 16)

7. English in education? “We must first read the world—the cultural, social, and political practices that constitute it—before we can make sense of the word-level description of reality” (Macedo 2000, p. 11)

8. Education in the country: Background

9. 1945 Constitution • to advance the intellectual life of the people … • Every one… entitled to an education and to obtain benefit from science and technology, art and culture, in order to enhance his/her quality of life, …

10. Law on Education • Provincial/district governments to establish a school in each level of education with international standards • English: a foreign language considered important for global communication and partnership

11. 2000-2014(in millions) Population Growth 2010 (projection) 2014 (projection) 2000 2005 Source: RPJMN 2010-2014 11

12. Population Pyramids: 2000 & 2025 (in millions) 2025 2000 males females males females Source: Proyeksi Penduduk Indonesia 2000 – 2025, BPS – BAPPENAS - UNFPA 12

13. INNOVATION Availability: Science & Tech Expertise Univ/Industry Research Partnership INDONESIA 54 Research Inst Quality

14. GCI: Education Participation 2008-2009 College Gross Participation rate Primary School Participation rate High School Gross Participation rate Source: WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM 14

15. Ed Layers & Students 15

16. Teacher-Student Ratios Philippines Cambodia India India Lao PDR Philippines Vietnam Korea, Rep. Thailand Mongolia Cambodia Lao PDR Mongolia Vietnam UK China China Thailand Korea, Rep. Indonesia Malaysia Japan US Malaysia Indonesia UK Japan US Elementary Junior High SD SMPJunior High 56.24 37.09 41.33 32.32 34.93 25.66 25.59 31.26 24.86 30.77 23.59 30.64 21.52 24.65 19.05 21.05 18.61 20.68 18.24 20.29 17.72 19.56 14.92 18.92 14.23 17.1 13.22 14.81 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Source: Edstats database 16

17. The Magnitude of ELT # Teachers: 2,783,321 #English Teachers: 122,588 4.4%

18. Teaching potentials

19. English Teachers Source: Setditjen PMPTK bagrenpmptk@gmail.com 31 March 2010 19:48

20. Teacher candidates’ performance by subject

21. Pilot Project Schools with International Standards

22. Quality Assurance • Highest recognition from National Board of Accreditation • Implementing school-based curriculum & fulfilling content and output standards • Benchmarking in learning process to OECD and other developed countries • Math, science and core courses delivered in English

23. How good in English? • TOEIC in 549 schools • 27,083 people as testees • 2007: 13,102 test takers • 2008: 13,981 test takers

24. English Proficiency at Pilot Project Schools with International Standards 2007 0.08% 0.51% 3.51% TOEIC Scores 11.99% INTERMEDIATE 34.34% 50.4% #Test Takers

25. Criticisms • to charge extra fees for high-quality education • the requirements in the law …are flawed • not accompanied by adequate human resources

26. Teacher education

27. Public & Private Tertiary Institutions offering ELT

28. Tertiary Institutions offering ELT: accreditation PUBLIC PRIVATE Total: 128 ELT programs

29. Formal Qualification of EFL Teachers: overall

30. TEFL professional organizations

31. Professional assistance • English across the curriculum • non-English teachers with English proficiency • needed teaching-learning resources in different regions

32. Extrinsic Challengesto EFL Teaching Profession • AFTA (ASEAN Free Trade Area) • cooperation in industry, …., human resource development and other economic-related areas • quality and competitiveness of human resources

33. EFL Teaching Profession teacher quality • mastery of the subject, i.e. the English language, to teach • the methodology of EFL teaching • commitment to the profession • teacher support and welfare

34. Conclusion

35. Competitiveness: QUALITY • ELT Tertiary Programs & Professional Organizations  to strengthen EFL teachers’ professionalism • Balancing: standards against capacity; global issues against national interests;

36. “Early on in your education you are socialized to understand the need to support the power structure, … if you don’t support the interest of the people who have wealth and power, you don’t survive very long. You are just weeded out of the system or marginalized” (Chomsky, 2000)

37. Thank you