Andrew T. Campbell Wireless Media Systems Comet Group Center for Telecommunications Research

1. broadband kernels: making nets as programmable as PCs Programmable broadband, Internet and mobile nets Andrew T. Campbell Wireless Media Systems Comet Group Center for Telecommunications Research Columbia University http://comet.ctr.columbia.edu/~campbell/

2. QOS management control programmable nets signaling transport making networks more programmable net state distributed systems technology broadband kernel

3. What is a broadband kernel? • motivation • to facilitiate the easy creation and introduction of new multimedia services with end-to-end QOS guarantees into broadband networks • concepts • “open programming networking” environment • what do we by open? • what do we mean by programmable? • QOS explicitly modeled and programmable • broadband kernel service • multimedia services use broadband kernel

4. new services and applications programming model service abstractions services and applications network broadband kernel services middleware layer binding interface base (BIB) degree of programmability programmingmodel QOS abstractions QOS abstractions mobile networks broadband (ATM) NG Internet

5. simple taxonomy of programmable Nets Broadband kernel Active networks -new services with QOS -accelerate introduction of new service, protocols, etc. -signal and data separate -signal and data integrated -CORBA-based -inject customized code into nodes Mobile code-based Switchlets-based Capsules-based Objects-based mobiware xbind Conservative moderate radical

6. network objects with QOS

7. ProNet projects at Columbia • xbind broadband kernel project (Lazar) • broadband kernel • focus: ATM networks • mobiware project (Campbell) • QOS-aware middleware for mobile multimedia networking • focus: QOS in next generation mobile Internet

8. approach • CORBA-based signaling • open and flexible device control • programmable ATM switches/routers • mobile capable switches/routers • base stations, and mobile and fixed devices • programmable multimedia devices • transports • native ATM transport • active and adaptive transport

9. programmability CORBA-based Signaling Client Application Object Implementation BIB CORBA IP Physical

10. Topo logy File Connection Manager Router xbind: connection management Destination Source

11. programmable connection management connection manager Destination node server source Node Server Node Server

12. programming network nodes xbind/mobiware Virtual switch Virtual switch Virtual switch Virtual basestation GSMP qGSMP qGSMP qGSMP CTRFore ASX-100 IP SwitchNEC Model 5 CTRATML Virata 1 Pentium Base-stations

13. SchedulableRegion Estimators programming explicit switch QOS In port/vpi/vci -> Out port/vpi/vci vituralswitch qGSMP Multiplexer Multiplexer Multiplexer Scheduler Buffer Manager

14. virtual switch object idl interface VirtualLink: MediaTransporter{ void setSchedulableRegion(in short dimension, in short nbHyperplanes, in intArray coefficients) raises (Reject); void setSchedulingPolicy(in short nbClasses, in short schedulerType, in shortArray schedulerParams) raises (Reject); void getSchedulingPolicy(out short nbClasses, out short schedulerType, out shortArray schedulerParams) raises (Reject); void setBufMgmtPolicy(in short nbClasses, in short clsToBufMap, in shortArray bufferMasks, in shortArray thresholds) raises (Reject); void getBufMgmtPolicy(out short nbClasses, out short clsToBufMap, out shortArray bufferMasks, out shortArray thresholds) raises (Reject); void setTrafficDescriptors(in short nbClasses, in shortArray classMask, in shortArray classParameters) raises (Reject); void setQOSConstraints(in short nbClasses, in shortArray classMask, in shortArray classParameters) void getEstimator(out short updateThreshold, out short type, out shortArray parameters) raises (Reject); };

15. comet.ctr.columbia.edu/xbind/wwwSR/SRapplet.html

16. multimedia services creation • Resource Reservation • Transport Selection and Binding • Management Binding

17. Transport Controller Route Manager Camera Switch Route Teleconference Display QOS Mapper Device Manager Connection Manager TP TP services programming Broadband kernel services

18. SUN Solaris 2.4 programmable testbed Computer CenterFore ASX-200 NYNEX // CTRNEC Model 5 CTRFore ASX-100 Sun Solaris 2.3 SUN Solaris 2.5 HP 9000s SUN Solaris 2.5 HP 9000s PC HP 9000s CTRScorpio Stinger 1 CTRATML Virata 1 PC Columbia Video Network

19. xbind Platform Teleconference Manager VPN Manager Device Manager Transport Controller QOS Mapper Camera Display Microphone Speaker Router Connection Manager NodeServer qStack kStack ipStack NodeServer NodeServer NodeServer GSMP Fore API NEC API SunOS/Solaris, Windows NT/95, HP-UX Fore ASX-100 NEC Model 5 ATML Virata 1

20. Virtual Link Virtual Link Virtual Link End-to-end QOS Programmability NodeServer Virtual Switch qGSMP switch/router Virtual CPU Virtual Switch Workstation/PC

21. http://comet.ctr.columbia.edu/wireless

22. Next generation mobile Internet End-to-End QoS mobiware End-to-End QoS Transport Mobility Transport Mobility distributed system technology (Corba, xbind, Java)

23. adaptive multimedia applications with controlled QOS Adaptive & Active Transport Active Transport Objects (ATOs) wireline/wireless packet networks Mobiware: programmable mobile network

24. Mobiware features • QOS controlled handoff signaling protocol • programmable transport (a-trane) • mobile code put where it is needed • active filters provide media scaling • adaptive error control (FEC/ARQ hybrid) • new adaptive service for air-interface • programmable feature • handoff signaling • network service (controlled load, adaptive, ABR) • programmable MAC support • programmable beacon (quality, SNR, QOS)

25. QRP RAP CG QOS controlled handoff • mobile soft-state • connection groups • per mobile logical anchor points • programmable features • mobile soft-state (on/off) • mobile/ network initiated • forward/backward • soft/hard • connection groups (on/off)

26. QRP RAP adpt resv Adaptive network service • represents flows as multi-layer streams • base layer hard QOS • enhancement layer soft QOS • clients periodic probe for more resources

27. Active and adaptive transport • highly programmable object-based transport • transport algorithms represented as java classes • active transport objects (ATOs) • mobile code • executes in mobile capable switches, base-station and devices

28. Beaconing and handoff QRP COS RAP Soft-state timeout Handoff set-up

29. Programmable beaconing Voice-air Cymbal-air BS: Cymbal-air Voice-air NWID: 02 00 01 00 Signal Level: 18 25 SNR: 10 20 QOS 1000 500 BS 1 Mobile BS 2 WaveLAN Monitor Signaling beacon beacon Sign_on_req Sign_on_ack Air Interface

30. virtual mobile device object idl // mobile_device.idl // interface MobileDevice : NodeServer { // initiate the location of Core and connManager void initiate(in string<40> cmName) raises(Reject); // register with the current basestation void mobileRegister(in long cgi, inout EndPoint bs) raises(Reject); // conn setup from the current base station to the network, called by mobile void mobileConnSetup(inout QOSSpecification qosSpec, inout EndPoint host_A, in string<40> coreName) raises(Reject); // handoff setup from the current base station to the network, called by mobile void handoffSetup(inout QOSSpecList qosSpec,inout SourceList, srcnamelist, inout EndPointList destlist) raises(Reject); // refresh a soft-state connection group through the current // base station to the network void refreshCG(in Direction dir) raises(Reject); };

31. Media scaling during handoff QRP RAP COS

32. Inter domain handoff and adaptive error control New QRP RAP COS

33. RAP COS

34. connection Manager routeServer nodeServer nodeServer virtualBS virtualBS virtualMD Mobiware testbed locateCOS() locateQRP() locateRAP() connSetup() refreshCG() handoffSetup() refreshCG() handoff Initiation()

35. Implementation • ATM network with Fore, NEC, ATML and Scorpio switches • air interface: WaveLAN with prog device API • mobile device: laptop (Windows NT), initiate handoff based on signal strength and QOS • base station: PC (Windows NT), send beacons • data : WaveLAN MAC <-> AAL5 <-> ATM • signalling : xbind <-> Corba <-> IP <-> ATM • location management : OrbixName

36. Adaptive network service Media Selector Filter Media Selector with hand-off

37. Media scaling ATO Dynamic Rate Shaping Filter “drs” at 200 Kbits/sec “drs” at 300 Kbits/sec

38. DCT dropping Dynamic Rate Shaping Filter The effect of “drs” on picture size (Kbytes)

39. Active filters

40. Some handoff results • handoff delay • soft-state refresh delay • per node soft-state teardown delay • hard-state teardown delay

41. Publications and Software publications • xbind • http://comet.ctr.columbia.edu/xbind/ • Lazar, A.A., Lim, K.S. and Marconcini, F., ``Realizing a Foundation for Programmability of ATM Networks with the Binding Architecture,'' IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Special Issue on Distributed Multimedia Systems, • mobiware • http://comet.ctr.columbia.edu/wireless/ • Campbell A.T., "Mobiware: QOS-Aware Middleware for Mobile Multimedia Networking,” Proc. IFIP 7th International Conference on High Performance Networking, White Plains, New York, April 1997 • software • http://comet.ctr.columbia.edu/software/

42. OPENSIG and IEEE OPENARCH’98 • Network programmability forums • OPENSIG on open signaling for ATM, Internet and mobile networks, San Francisco, CA, April 3-4, 1998 October 6-7, 1997, • http://comet.ctr.columbia.edu/openarch • IEEE OPENARCH’98 on Open Architecture and Network Programmability, April • http://comet.ctr.columbia.edu/openarch

43. Concluding remarks • Programmable networks will revolutionize • the way new network services are offered • Conservative approach is more acceptable • to telecommunications industry but still seen as radical departure • Extreme programming • (i.e., capsule-based) provides the most flexible but lacks application • Programmable mobile networking • Content-based networking