Unit 6

1. Unit 6 最新英美报刊选读_Unit 6 Science and Military Science and Military

2. 最新英美报刊选读_Unit 6 Science and Military Passage 1 Army can boost mission success by better managing Language Features Background Information Warming-up Questions Organization Analysis Detailed Reading Post-Reading

3. 最新英美报刊选读_Unit 6 Science and Military Language Features 新闻英语中的长难句 英语长句也就是复杂句，里面可能会有多个从句，从句与从句之间的关系可能为并列，包含与被包含、镶嵌等形式。因此分析或者翻译长难句，首要应该是弄清楚从句与从句之间的关系。英语经常出现的复合句包括：名词性从句，它又包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句；形容词性从句，即定语从句；另外还有一种叫做状语从句。

4. 最新英美报刊选读_Unit 6 Science and Military 那么，究竟该怎样来分析长难句呢？有以下几点最为基础的步骤需要记住： 1、找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，即句子的主干结构； 2、找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词； 3、分析从句和短语的功能，例如，是否为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或状语从句等；以及词，短语和从句之间的关系； 4、分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配、插入语等其他成分。

5. 最新英美报刊选读_Unit 6 Science and Military 依照上面四个结构分析步骤，我们对下面的句子进行了分解与解析. 例句：In Africa I met a boy，who was crying as if his heart would break and said，when I spoke to him，that he was hungry because he had had no food for two days.

6. 最新英美报刊选读_Unit 6 Science and Military 　　例句分析：　　这个长句可以拆分为四段：①“In Africa I met a boy”②“who was crying as if his heart would break” ③“when I spoke to him，that he was hungry because”④“he had had no food for two days”. (1)主干结构是主语+过去式+宾语——“I met a boy”；(2) “who” 引导了一个定语从句, 修饰 “boy”, “crying”后面是壮语从句“as if his heart would break”； 第一，拆分句子。 　　第二，句子的结构分析。

7. 最新英美报刊选读_Unit 6 Science and Military (3)“when I spoke to him”是介于“said”和“that he was hungry because”之间 的插入语。 “said” 和 “was crying”做 “who” 引导的定语从句的并列谓语. 　　“crying as if his heart would break”应译为哭得伤心极了。　　参考译文：　　在非洲，我遇到一个小孩，他哭得伤心极了，我问他时，他说他饿了， 两天没有吃饭了。 第三，难点部分的处理。

8. 最新英美报刊选读_Unit6 Science and Military Background Information U.S. Army Can Advance Mission Success by Greening Operations SANTA MONICA, California, September 26, 2008 (ENS)- The U.S. Army has become increasingly involved with environmental issues in every operation and must be better prepared to deal with them, according to a new RAND Corporation study released this week.

9. 最新英美报刊选读_Unit 6 Science and Military Tad Davis, deputy assistant secretary of the Army for environment, safety and occupational health, told ENS in an email statement, "The Army takes its commitment to the environment very seriously." He called the RAND report "timely" in view of actions the Army is taking "to improve how it addresses environmental issues in training, planning and conducting contingency operations in theater." "It willprove to be an extremely useful tool for allthe military services and the joint community for years to come," Davis said. The report's findings are based on reviews of top-level policy and doctrine, analysis of operational experience, interviews with Army personnel, and a review of operational documentation and literature. From these sources, a database of 111 case studies was created. Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Army Tad Davis (Photo courtesy U.S. Army)

10. 最新英美报刊选读_Unit 6 Science and Military The research showed that environmental concerns can have far-reaching and significant impacts on the Army, both direct and indirect, especially in terms of cost, current operations, soldier health, diplomatic relations, reconstruction activities, and the ultimate success of the operation or the broader mission.

11. 最新英美报刊选读_Unit 6 Science and Military War will bring about great disasterstowards human being. Can you list some of them? Among these influences, Environmental pollution is one of the most serious problems. Why? Give your own solution to this problem. Warming-up Questions

12. 最新英美报刊选读_Unit 3 Education and Health Organization Analysis Para.1 Thesis文章主题 Army can boost mission success if commanders give environmental concerns high priority during planning Para. 2-10 The reasons why the Army leaders should give more weight toenvironmental considerations. 军队重视环境的原因 Para 11-16 The influences of environmental issues环境问题的影响

13. 最新英美报刊选读_Unit 6 Science and Military Organization Analysis Part I (Para.1) Better managing environmental issues can help U.S. Army gain tactical and strategic advantages and boost overall mission success. Part II (Para 2—10 ) The reasons why the Army leaders should give more weight toenvironmental considerations.

14. 最新英美报刊选读_Unit 6 Science and Military Organization Analysis Part III (Para 11- 16 ) Environmental issues can also affect soldier health and safety, the costs of an operation, the logistical burden of supporting forces, and diplomatic relations.

15. 最新英美报刊选读_Unit 6 Science and Military Organization Analysis Para 11-12Environmental issues can also affect soldier health and safety Para 13-14Environmental issues can also affect the costs of an operation Para 15Environmental issues can also affect the logistical burden of supporting forces Para 16Environmental issues can also affect diplomatic relations.

16. 最新英美报刊选读_Unit 6 Science and Military Detailed Reading Passage Reading Understanding Sentences Word Study

17. 最新英美报刊选读_Unit 6 Science and Military Understanding Sentences • By better managing environmental issues during deployments, U.S. Army units can gain tactical and strategic advantages that will help in combat and post-conflict operations, and boost overall mission success, according to a RAND Corporation study issued today. (Para 1) 据美国研究与发展公司(兰德公司)今天所发布的研究结果显示，如果美军在军队部署期間对环境议题给予更多的考虑，那麽美军在战略与战术上均可获得优势，在战争中和战后重建工作中,这些优势将会给予美军很大的帮助, 并且还会促进美军整体任务的完成。 Translation “By better managing……” is present participle which is used as the adverbial modifier. “that……” is attributive clause. “will help…” and “boost” are the predicates. Comments

18. 最新英美报刊选读_Unit 6 Science and Military Understanding Sentences Examples The secretary worked late into the night, preparing a long speech for the president who will be on a business tomorrow. Seriously injured, Allen was rushed to the hospital which was not very far from his home.

19. 最新英美报刊选读_Unit 6 Science and Military Understanding Sentences 2. The study finds that commanders have not usually given environmental concerns high priority during planning, despite the effect environmental conditions can have on troop health, safety and security, and the importance they have for the local population.(Para1) 研究发现尽管环境问题对士兵的健康和安全有影响， 并且环境问题对当地的老百姓也至关重要，但是军队的指挥官在制定计划时通常没有优先考虑环境问题。 Translation “find” introduces an object clause, “environmental conditions can have on troop health, safety and security” is attributive clause and it modifies “the effect”, “they have for the local population” is another attributive clauseand it modifies “the importance”. Comments

20. 最新英美报刊选读_Unit 6 Science and Military Understanding Sentences Comments Pay attention to the attributive clause. When relative pronoun “that” is the object in the attributive clause , “that” can be omitted. So the complete sentence should be “The study finds that commanders have not usually given environmental concerns high priority during planning, despite the effectthatenvironmental conditions can have on troop health, safety and security, and the importance that they have for the local population.

21. 最新英美报刊选读_Unit 6 Science and Military Understanding Sentences 3.Environmental considerations encompass anything related to the environment that affects the planning and execution of military operations or is affected by those operations. (Para 5) Translation 环境考虑包括与环境相关的任何事情,这些事情会对军事活动的计划和执行产生影响, 或者被这些军事活动所影响. Pay attention to the use of the past participle phrase “related to the environment” ” and the attributive clause “that” “related to the environment” is used as post-modification to modify “anything” . Comments To be continued

22. 最新英美报刊选读_Unit 6 Science and Military Understanding Sentences Comments • 过去分词(the past participle)作定语: • 作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词. • 及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词 • 作定语,只表完成. • 过去分词用作定语,如果是单个的,常置于其所修饰的名词之前. • 例如: We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. • 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况. • 2. 过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,其意义相当 • 于一个定语从句,但较从句简洁,多用于书面语中. The concert given by • their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功. • 3.过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号. • (1)The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, • welcomed the great hero. 他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会,到会的有五千多 • 人. To be continued

23. 最新英美报刊选读_Unit 6 Science and Military Understanding Sentences 4. Environmental conditions can also extend beyond national borders because air and water pollution may travel great distances, affecting diplomatic relations with countries that could be crucial to the mission's success. (Para 16) Pay attention to the use of the present participle “ affecting” and the attributive clause “that”. Comments To be continued

24. 最新英美报刊选读_Unit 6 Science and Military Understanding Sentences 由于污染的空气和水可以漂移或流动到很远的地方，所以环境状况也能够超越国家界限， 影响美国和其他国家的外交关系，这些国家对美国完成军事任务可能会起决定性的作用. Translation To be continued

25. 最新英美报刊选读_Unit 6 Science and Military 现在分词(the present participle)作状语，一般表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随等情况。（很少作目的和结果状语） 1)现在分词短语作状语可以取代一个句子或主句 He opened the drawer and took out a revolver. =Opening the drawer he took out a revolver.他打开抽屉那出了一把左轮手枪。 She slammed the door and went out. =She went out, slamming the door. 她砰地关上门，走了。 2)现在分词短语作状语可以取代从句 a.现在分词可以代替as/since/because引导的原因从句。如： Fearing that the police would recognize him he never went out in daylight.=As he feared……他怕警察会认出他来，因此白天他从不外出。 Being a student he was naturally interested in museums.=Because/As he was a student……他作为一个学生，很自然对博物馆感兴趣。 Understanding Sentences To be continued

26. b．现在分词可以代替时间状语从句。 如： Hearing the bad news, they could’t help crying.=When they heard the badnews,…..当他们听到 这个坏消息时禁不住地哭了。 5、现在分词短语可以代替定语从句 People who wish to visit the caves……=People wishing to visit the caves希望参观岩洞的人们…… The girl who is smiling at me…=The girl smiling at me…冲着我笑的那个姑娘… 最新英美报刊选读_Unit 6 Science and Military Understanding Sentences To be continued

27. 最新英美报刊选读_Unit 6 science and Military Word Study 1. deploy v. (para 1) Military. to spread out (troops) so as to form an extended front or line(尤指军事行动)使展开; 施展; 部署 The commander deployed his men along the railway. deployable adj. deployment n.

28. 最新英美报刊选读_Unit 6 Science and Military Word Study 2. boostv. (para 1) • to advance or aid by speaking well of; promote力捧<人>; 大事宣传 • She always boosts her hometown • 2) to increase; raise提高,哄抬<价格>; 增加 <产量> • The firm is boosting the new product • boost prices • 3)to assist in further development or progress向上推起， 提升 We need a holiday to boost our spirits. To be continued

29. 最新英美报刊选读_Unit 6 Science and Military Word Study boostn. 1)an act, remark, or the like, that helps one‘s progress, morale, efforts帮助,促进; 吹嘘,吹捧 give a person a boost 2) an increase; rise(价格等之) 哄抬; (产量等之) 增加 a boost in pay加薪

30. 最新英美报刊选读_Unit 6 Science and Military Word Study 3. encompassv. (Para 5) to form a circle about; encircle; surround, to include comprehensively围绕, 包围 The enemy encompassed the city. He built a moat to encompass the castle. encompassment n. To be continued

31. 最新英美报刊选读_Unit 6 Science and Military Word Study 辨析: encircle , enclose, envelop encircle侧重在某事物周围围成圈状 It takes the earth one year to encircle the sun. enclose指把某物四周围住或封闭起来，使之与外界隔绝。The valley is enclosed by tall mountains. envelop着重指把某个物体完全包起来或整个封起来。 · Fog enveloped the village.雾笼罩着那村子。 To be continued

32. 最新英美报刊选读_Unit 6 Science and Military Word Study 4.execute v. (Para 5) • to carry out; accomplish实行, 完成, 实现 • to execute a plan or order • 2)to inflict capital punishment on; put to death according to law 处死，处决 • A month or two later they executed the king. • 3) to perform or play (a piece of music)演出，演唱 • He executed a piece of music admirably. • executionn.

33. 最新英美报刊选读_Unit 6 Science and Military Word Study 5. compliance n.(Para 5) conformity; accordance(对于要求、命令等的) 服从, 遵守; 应允[with] Compliance with the law is expected in the state. in compliance with ……听从…,遵守… It was done in compliance your wish. compliant adj. 遵从的, 依从的, 顺从的, 屈从的 To be continued

34. 最新英美报刊选读_Unit 6 Science and Military Word Study 6. sustainv. (Para 5) 1)to support, hold, or bear up from below; bear the weight of, as a structure 支撑,支持<东西> These columns sustain the arches. 2) to undergo, experience, or suffer (injury, loss, etc.); endure without giving way or yielding 承受,忍受 <重量、压力、苦难等> ,不屈服 The breakwater sustains the shock of the great waves. 3) to keep up or keep going, as an action or process 使 <活动、兴趣、努力等> 持续,继续 sustain one's efforts This novel sustains the reader's interest to the end.这部小说使读者到最后都依然兴趣浓厚。

35. 最新英美报刊选读_Unit 6 Science and Military Word Study sustainable adj对自然资源和能源的利用)不破坏生态平衡的, 合理利用的; 可持续的 The strategy of sustainable development  sustainment n.支持;维持 To be continued

36. 最新英美报刊选读_Unit 6 Science and Military Word Study 7. degrade v.(Para7) • to lower in dignity or estimation使降格 • You degrade yourself when you tell a lie. • degrade sb. to a lower position • 2)to reduce (someone) to a lower rank, degree使降级 • He was degraded for being drunk and disorderly • degradation n.降级,降格,退化 To be continued

37. 最新英美报刊选读_Unit 6 Science and Military Word Study 8.migratevi. (Para 10) 1)When an animal migrates, it travels to a different place, usually when the season changes迁移, (候鸟的)定期移栖 These animals migrate annually in search of food.In September, these birds migrate 2000 miles south to a warmer climate. 2) If people migrate, they travel in large numbers to a new place to live temporarily 移居(尤指移居海外) Mexican farm workers migrate into the US each year to find work at harvest time. Pioneers from New England migrated to all parts of the United States. To be continued

38. 最新英美报刊选读_Unit 6 Science and Military Word Study 词根:im-置于某状态或条件中 migr -迁移，迁徙to move immigrationn.移民入境 immigrantn.(自国外移入的)移民 Canada has many immigrants from Europe. emigrationn.移居外国 emigrantn.(从本国移往他国的)移民 To be continued

39. 最新英美报刊选读_Unit 6 Science and Military Word Study 9.anticipate v. (Para14) to imagine or expect that something will happen, sometimes taking action in preparation for it happening预先做…,预支,预测, 预言, 预感 We had one or two difficulties along the way that we didn't anticipate. [+ ing form of verb] They anticipate having several applicants for the job.[+ that] They anticipate that they will have several applicants for the jobIt's always best to anticipate a problem before it arises.[+ question word] At this stage we can't really anticipate what will happen.

40. 最新英美报刊选读_Unit 6 Science and Military Word Study anticipation n. 预期，预料 in anticipation (of): in preparation for something happeningShe's even decorated the spare room in anticipation of your visit. To be continued

41. 最新英美报刊选读_Unit 6 Science and Military Word Study 10. asset n. (Para 15) • a useful or valuable quality, skill or person有价值的人或物; 优点, 长处 • He'll be a great asset to the team. • Good health is a great asset. • Ability to get along with people is an asset in business. • 2)[C] usually plural] something valuable belonging to a person or organization which can be used for the payment of debts[常用复]资产; 财产 • A company's assets can consist of cash, investments, buildings, machinery, specialist knowledge. To be continued

42. 最新英美报刊选读_Unit 6 Science and Military Post-Reading 1. Comprehension 2. Translation 3. Question on the Article

43. 最新英美报刊选读_Unit 6 Science and Military 1. Comprehension 1. What is the meaning of the word “ tactical” in the first line? _______ A. skillful B. capable C. strategic D proficient 2.By saying “The study finds that commanders have not usually given environmental ......population” ( Line 3-7, para 1), the author means _______ A. Local residents put more concern on the U.S. Army rather than environmental problems. B. The leaders of the Army put priority on the troop health and safety rather than on the local residents. C C

44. 最新英美报刊选读_Unit 6 Science and Military C. When the leaders of Army make the policy or strategy, they don’t put emphasis on the environmental problems. D. The environmental conditions are so poor that they have a serious influence on the soldiers’ health. 3. What is the main idea of this passage? _______ A. Poor environmental conditions will cause U.S. soldiers’ illness. B. The U.S. Army has a positive influence on the environment. C. Researchers are studying how to improve the environmental conditions. D. Attaching importance to the environmental issues, Army can make mission more successful. D

45. 最新英美报刊选读_Unit 6 Science and Military 4. Below are the influences that environment will bring about EXCEPT________. A. Good environmental conditions will help army gain support from the local population B Environmental issues can have great effect on solders and local residents’ health.. C. Environmental conditions will go beyond national borders and affect diplomatic relations. D. Local communities welcome American troops to improve the local environment. D

46. 最新英美报刊选读_Unit 6 Science and Military 5. What can be inferred from the passage? _______ A. U.S. Soldiers have poor health condition when they are in the war with foreign countries. B. U.S. Army leaders still put military attack in the first place in their foreign policy. C. Iraqis have paid high attention to the environmental issues. D. Army’s neglectof environment brought about negative influence on the diplomatic relations. C

47. 最新英美报刊选读_Unit 6 Science and Military 2. Translation 1)你必须优先处理此事。 2)他对我的妹妹十分关心. 3)他始终服从命令。 Translate the following sentences into English. You must give this matter priority. He express [show] deep concern for my sister. His action is always in compliance with orders.

48. 最新英美报刊选读_Unit 6 Science and Military 4)我们没有足够的财力使宣传活动长期保持下去。 5) 优秀将军常常尽量预知敌军的行动。 We do not have enough money to sustain our campaign for long. A good general tries to anticipate the enemy's movements.

49. 最新英美报刊选读_Unit 6 Science and Military 3. Question on the Article 1. Why does the author say that the relationship between the Army and the environment is a two-way street? 2. What are the influences that poor environmental conditions will bring about?

50. 最新英美报刊选读_Unit 6 Science and Military Thanks for Your Attention!