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Uses for plane surveys

Learn about the fundamental methods used in plane surveys for land surveys, engineering projects, and field mapping. Discover techniques for locating points, measuring angles and distances, and understanding elevation differences. Explore principles of surveying with detailed insights into angle measurement, readability, and distance measurement using various tools.

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Uses for plane surveys

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  1. Uses for plane surveys • Land survey • Engineering or construction surveys • Field mapping Top: Plane Table Mapping. M. Denny. www.pobonline.com...Bottom: www.tpub.com/engbas/11-24.htm CS 128/ES 228 - Lecture 10a

  2. Basic methods • Locating a point • Measuring an angle • Measuring a distance • Measuring differences in elevation CS 128/ES 228 - Lecture 10a

  3. Locating a point • Start with known location or previous point • Direction + distance common for plane surveys (ex. “metes & bounds”) • Two angles common for geodesy Principles of Surveying. 2nd ed. C. A. Herubin, 1978 CS 128/ES 228 - Lecture 10a

  4. Measuring an angle • Horizontal angles: use level, transit, or theodolite • Vertical angle: use transit or theodolite • Either:- graduated circles or- digital readout Both: Principles of Surveying.2nd ed. C. A. Herubin, 1978 CS 128/ES 228 - Lecture 10a

  5. Angles: readability • Horizontal & vertical circles typically graduated to 1o for construction grade instruments, 5’ or better for survey instruments • Vernier improves resolution by 10x or better Principles of Surveying. 2nd ed. C. A. Herubin, 1978 • Digital readouts to 5” or better CS 128/ES 228 - Lecture 10a

  6. Measuring a distance • Start with known location or previous point • Three techniques:1. Taping2. Stadia markings3. Electronic distance measurements (EDM) CS 128/ES 228 - Lecture 10a

  7. Taping: errors (& fixes) • Alignment – plumb bob • Tension – tension handle (or experience) • Thermal expansion – correction tables • Slope - cosines Diagram: www.benmeadows.com CS 128/ES 228 - Lecture 10a

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