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Limiting Reactant

Limiting Reactant. Reactions don’t always use the correct proportions of reactants. Many reactions are carried out with an excess amount of one reactant …more than is actually needed. A chemical reaction depends on the reactant that is present in limiting amount - limiting reactant.

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Limiting Reactant

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  1. Limiting Reactant • Reactions don’t always use the correct proportions of reactants. • Many reactions are carried out with an excess amount of one reactant …more than is actually needed. • A chemical reaction depends on the reactant that is present in limiting amount - limiting reactant.

  2. Ham sandwich example 10 slices bread + 5 slices ham 5 ham sandwiches 2 slices of bread + 1 slice ham = 1 sandwich

  3. Ham sandwich 14 slices bread + 5 slices ham excess reactant limiting reactant 5 ham sandwiches + 4 slices of bread unreacted

  4. Limiting reactant example 2Sb (s) + 3I2 (s) 2SbI3 (s) Determine the limiting reactant and theoretical yield when: • 1.20 moles Sb and 2.40 moles I2 are mixed. • 1.20g Sb and 2.40g of I2 are mixed.

  5. Determing limiting reactant • Calculate the amount of product that would be formed if the first reactant were completely consumed. • Repeat this calculation for the second reactant. • Choose the smaller of the two amounts. This is the theoretical yield. The reactant that produces the smaller amount - limiting reactant.

  6. Limiting reactant cont… 2Sb (s) + 3I2 (s) 2SbI3 (s) 1.20mol Sb x 2mol SbI3 = 1.20mol SbI3 2mol Sb 2.40mol I2 x 2mol SbI3 = 1.60mol SbI3 3mol I2 1.20 mol SbI3 is the theoretical yield and Sb is the limiting reactant.

  7. Limiting reactant cont… 2Sb (s) + 3I2 (s) 2SbI3 (s) 1.20g Sb x 1mol Sb x 2mol SbI3 x 502.5g SbI3 = 4.95g SbI3 121.8g Sb 2mol Sb 1mol SbI3 2.40g I2 x 1mol I2 x 2mol SbI3 x 502.5g SbI3 = 3.17g SbI3 253.8g I2 3mol I2 1mol SbI3 3.17g SbI3 is the theoretical yield and I2 is the limiting reactant.

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