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KC-135 Data Link Training Course

KC-135 Data Link Training Course. Approved by: AMC/A3TK Effective Date: 16 Apr 07 Version: 2.0. What is Data Link?. Think Of It as, Text Messaging With Controllers Advantages? Clear Communications No Language “Issues” Direct Line to Controller Better Surveillance

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KC-135 Data Link Training Course

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  1. KC-135 Data Link TrainingCourse Approved by: AMC/A3TK Effective Date: 16 Apr 07 Version: 2.0

  2. What is Data Link? Think Of It as, Text Messaging With Controllers Advantages? Clear Communications No Language “Issues” Direct Line to Controller Better Surveillance Automatic Position Reporting KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

  3. Acronyms ACARS – Aircraft Communications Addressing And Reporting System (Character-Based) ADS – Automatic Dependent Surveillance ATS – Air Traffic Service AFN – ATS Facilities Notification AOC – Airline Operational Control ATSU – Air Traffic Services Unit CDA – Current Data Authority CMU – Communications Management Unit KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

  4. More Acronyms CPDLC – Controller Pilot Data Link Communications D-ATIS – Digital ATIS FANS-1/A – Future Air Navigation System FOM – FANS-1/A Operations Manual IMFD – Interactive Multi-function Display HFDL – HF Data Link NDA – Next Data Authority OOOI – Out, Off, On, In SATCOM – Satellite Communication VDL – VHF Data Link KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

  5. GATM Components Category Components Goal C Communication Digital Radios to Handle Reduced Channel Spacing and Datalink • 8.33 Radios • SATCOM/HF/VHF • CPDLC ATM Air Traffic Management Transition from ATC to ATM With the Ultimate Goal of Free Flight N Navigation Better Horizontal/Vertical Position Accuracy to Enable Reduced Separation • RNP – 30 vs. 100 NM • RVSM – 1000 vs. 2000 ft • FM Immunity S Surveillance Enhanced Situational Awareness, Collision Avoidance, Automatic Position Reporting • ADS • Mode S • TCAS KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

  6. Applications Controller Pilot Data Link Communications (CPDLC) Air Traffic Service (ATS) Facilities Notification (AFN) - Logon Automatic Dependent Surveillance (ADS) Airline Operational Control (AOC) Air Traffic Services (ATS) – D-ATIS, Oceanic Clearance KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

  7. Applications KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

  8. Flight Planning KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

  9. Where to Look? • Guidance And Procedures In Civilian Operating Manuals • FANS-1/A Operations Manual (FOM) • Guidance Material for ATS in NAT Airspace • Area Planning Documents • Regional AIPs • NOTAMs • Centers Upgrading ALL the time! CPDLC? ADS? First Call Procedures? KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

  10. NOTAMS webpagehttps://www.notams.jcs.mil/USAFdownloads.html

  11. FAA Oceanic Procedures Branchhttp://www.faa.gov/ats/ato/data_link.htm

  12. Flight Plan Guidance • SEE GP Chapter 4 • RWXYJ IDKLOT HUV/PD(B40) • RWXYJ IDKLOT HUV/SD (B40.2) • P – Mode S Including PA, But No ID • S – Mose S and Aircraft ID • D – ADS Capability • J – Datalink, K – MLS Equipment KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

  13. 1801 Flight Plan RWXYJ IDKLOT HUV/SD DAT/ SHV REG/ 80093S SEL/ JMQR KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

  14. AFN Logon KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

  15. Initiating Datalink AFN Logon Normally 15-45 Minutes Before Airspace Entry Required for a CDA To Be Established Does Not Establish Your Current Data Authority (CDA) Can Also Be Done “Automatically” Via Address Forwarding KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

  16. AFN Logon Failure Wrong Center Name (KZAK vs. KZOA) Flight ID Does Not Match Call Sign 1801 REG Does Not Match APM Number For KC-135: Last Digit Of Year Plus Last Four Of Tail Number Plus An S (i.e. 80093S for tail Number 58-0093 or 44835S of 64-14835) If You Change Aircraft: Call Dispatch To Change On 1801 (AFN) And Tell Command Post To Change C2IPS (AOC) KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

  17. FIR Entry KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

  18. Prior to Entering Airspace Get Organized! IMFD / CDU Displays Flight Plan Log (Rounds Time) SELCAL Page CPDLC Position Report Page (truncates time) Compulsory / Non-compulsory Points Don’t Access Position Report Early Reported Point In The Position Report Is The Last Waypoint Sequenced By The FMS KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

  19. AFN Logon AFN LOGON: Accepted By KZAK (Oakland) When Near FIR. No New Operator Input Required CPDLC: CDA is KZAK (CPDLC Enabled) DISCONNECT Prompt for CPDLC Available KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

  20. Oceanic Entry / FIR Crossing Non-NAT - After Entering Oceanic Airspace or Crossing FIR Boundary: Send a CPDLC Position report – FIRST! Informs ATSU That They Are The CDA HF Call With SELCAL Address And Stating That You Are Data Link Equipped Oakland Example: “Beak 96, CPDLC, Origin KSKA, Destination YBBN, Request SELCAL Check on JMQR” KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

  21. Oceanic Entry / FIR Crossing NAT- After Entering Oceanic Airspace Or Crossing FIR Boundary: DO NOT Send a CPDLC Position Report HF Call With a CDA and ADS Contract - “RCH XXX, C-P-D-L-C, Shanwick Next*, Request SELCAL Check XXXX” HF Call ADS Contract Only - “RCH XXX, A-D-S, SCROD VALIE*, Request SELCAL Check XXXX” Continue to Add CPDLC or ADS After Call Sign on HF * If flight will exit current FIR into oceanic airspace, include the name of the next FIR. If exiting into domestic airspace, include track name if on the organized track system or last two fixes in the cleared route of flight if not on the OTS. KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

  22. CPDLC Position Report • Replaces HF Position Report • Course Offsets And/Or Block Altitudes Will Not Be Reflected On Position Reports • Do Not Use Page 3 To Attach Free Text • Controllers Don’t Normally Access • Do Not Send A Separate Free Text • Controllers Expect You To Adhere To Previous Clearance Until You Report Otherwise • No Feedback - Controller Will Not Respond KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

  23. CPDLC Position Report KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

  24. CPDLC Position Report KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

  25. CPDLC Position Report • Can You Break Down This Message To Determine: • Reported Position? • Next Position? • Next + 1 Position? • Anything Else Here? KC-135 DATALINK TRAINING COURSE

  26. CPDLC Data Authority Only TWO Connections Possible Current Data Authority (CDA) You’re In Their Airspace Has Exclusive Communication Next Data Authority (NDA) Determined by CDA No Communications Capability Usually The Next FIR You Will Be Entering KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

  27. Address Forwarding Also Referred To As, “AFN LOGON Triggered By Address Forwarding” Failure To Close All Uplink Messages Will Cause A Termination Of Both CDA And NDA Connections Downlink Messages Do Not Affect The Transfer Process KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

  28. Address Forwarding Process is AUTOMATIC – Usually CDA Will Send An END SERVICE Message To Aircraft If END SERVICE msg Failed You Will Need to DISCONNECT From CDA If No NDA Appears, A Manual LOGON To The Next Center Will Be Required KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

  29. Address Forwarding AFN LOGON: Forwarding in Progress CPDLC: CDA and NDA KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

  30. Address Forwarding AFN LOGON: Accepted by Tokyo CPDLC: No Change to CDA and NDA KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

  31. Address Forwarding CONTACT Message Combined With END SERVICE Message Most Common CDA Disconnects And NDA Becomes CDA Upon Downlink Of WILCO Response KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

  32. Address Forwarding AFN LOGON: Accepted by Tokyo Note 7-Letter ATSU Identifier CPDLC: NDA Has Become CDA KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

  33. CPDLC Basics KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

  34. CPDLC Terminology WILCO – Instruction Understood And Will Be Complied With UNABLE – Instruction Cannot Be Complied With STANDBY – Wait For A Reply, Short-term Delay (<10 min) REQUEST DEFFERED – Request Received But Deferred, long-term delay (>10 minutes) ROGER – Message Received And Understood Only Correct Response To Free Text Uplink AFFIRM – Yes NEGATIVE – No KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

  35. CPDLC Standard set of messages Consist of Elements and Variables “CLIMB TO AND MAINTAIN FL360” “CLIMB TO REACH FL340 BY 0300” Most Messages Open a Dialogue Messages Are Linked If A Response Is Required Message Exchange Between ATS and Aircraft Involves Message # and Variable Value KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

  36. CPCLC Messages are “Open” until “Closed” by Appropriate Response…System Knows! Pilot Responses: Three levels WILCO or UNABLE For Clearance Changes AFFIRM or NEGATIVE For Inquiries ROGER For Information Requiring A Response “Message Received” KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

  37. CPDLC Message Log ACCEPTED and CLOSED Signify “Closed” Messages CONN ENDED Results From Termination of CDA With Open DOWNLINK Message KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

  38. CPDLC Dialogue • If A Message Has Multiple Elements That Require A Different Response, Highest Order Response Will Close Message • Example: Descend To And Maintain FL220, Report Level FL220 • Descent Requires: WILCO • Report Level Requires: ROGER • WILCO Will Close Message And The ‘System’ Will Display WILCO or UNABLE Only KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

  39. CPDLC Dialogue • Do Not Send Multiple Request Message After Receipt Of A STANDBY Uplink • Use “WHEN CAN WE EXPECT _____” • Close All Identical Messages, If Applicable KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

  40. CPDLC Uplink Example  “CLIMB TO AND MAINTAIN FL330” Opens Dialogue (Clearance) • STANDBY, WILCO or UNABLE Are Selectable • If Pilot Chooses STANDBY – Dialogue Remains Open…  “WILCO” – Dialogue Closed, Pilot Begins Climb  “EXPECT CLIMB AT WALZA” Opens Dialogue (Information) ROGER Displayed on MCDU  “ROGER”– Dialogue Closed KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

  41. Route Clearances • REQUEST DIRECT TO [position] • Present Position To Specified Position • REQUEST [route clearance] • Amendment To Current Clearance • REQUEST CLEARANCE • Request For Pre-departure Or Route Clearance • Clearance Will Load In Alternate Flight Plan Before Allowing You To “Execute” To Active Flight Plan • Print Out Route Clearances To Ensure You See The Whole Clearance!! KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

  42. Route Clearances KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

  43. CPDLC Requests Avoid multi-element requests “Request climb to FL350 and request direct HUMOR” Responses easily confused – stick to standard message sets! Answer all messages in a timely manner Respond with “roger” to all free text uplinks before composing response message Uplinks MUST be closed prior to FIR transition or… KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

  44. CPDLC Do Not Rename Waypoints In The FMS Customized Names Will Replace Original Point Description In Downlinked Reports Technique: Use Alternate Flightplan With Overlay For User-defined Points KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

  45. CPDLC Free Text • Why not just use FREE TEXT ?? • No Dialogue established, No Required Response From ATC, No Linked Response Available To Controller • Time Intensive – Type Manually (Typos), Send, Read By ATC, Type An Answer, Send To Airplane, Pilot Reads • Language (e.g. Korean Airlines Pilot Typing in English???) • Interpretation by ATC KC-135 DATALINK TRAINING COURSE

  46. CPDLC Free Text • Should Only Be Used When There Is No Other Available Message Option • Use Standardized Free Text When Able • WAKE DEV [direction] • REVISED ETA [position] • Reference Regional Operating Manuals For Additional Guidance KC-135 DATALINK TRAINING COURSE

  47. AR Clearances • See Sample Messages In AMC Enabling Concept • Uses Standard Message Set With Free Text Elements, Where Possible • Still Not Pre-coordinated With Most ATSUs • ATSUs Responding With Free Text • AFFSA Working To Have Them Accepted As Standardized Free Text In The FANS-1/A Message set KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

  48. CPDLC Summary • Use The Message Set Correctly • Limit Use Of Free Text – Ensure There Is No Appropriate Message In Message Set • Read All Parts/Pages Of Messages • Received Messages May Be More Than 1 pg. • Sent Messages May Be More Than 1 Page (i.e. Position Report) • Print Out Route Clearances • Ensure You Understand All Parts Of Message – Your Transmit Button Still Works KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

  49. ADS Operations KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

  50. ADS Surveillance – Information Sent From Aircraft Without Pilot Involvement ADS Armed When Power Applied Each Center Establishes Their Own Contract You Can See If A Contract Has Been Established With You (Unlike Many Commercial Aircraft). KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

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