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Virginia Transit Association Conference – 2009 Biodiesel for Transits

Virginia Transit Association Conference – 2009 Biodiesel for Transits. Sponsored by National Biodiesel Board Presented by Jill Hamilton. Presentation:. Intro to Biodiesel Benefits Legislative Impacts Other Incentives Using Biodiesel Transit Demonstration Questions.

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Virginia Transit Association Conference – 2009 Biodiesel for Transits

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  1. Virginia Transit Association Conference –2009Biodiesel for Transits Sponsored by National Biodiesel Board Presented by Jill Hamilton

  2. Presentation: • Intro to Biodiesel • Benefits • Legislative Impacts • Other Incentives • Using Biodiesel • Transit Demonstration • Questions

  3. What is Biodiesel? • A clean burning alternative fuel • Produced from domestic, renewable resources such as soybean oil • Contains no petroleum, but can be blended at any level with petroleum diesel to create a biodiesel blend • Can be used in compression-ignition (diesel) engines with little or no modifications

  4. Raw Material Use (2007) What is Biodiesel Made of? National Biodiesel Board 4

  5. Benefits of Biodiesel Climate Change • 78% Life Cycle Decrease In CO2 • CO2 emitted from burning fuel is taken up by plants growing next crop of fuel feedstock • Energy Balance 4.5 to 1 • 4.5 according to new DOE study done by Univ of Idaho. • Diesel engines already 30%-40% more Efficient than Spark Ignition Reference: US Department of Energy and Department of Agriculture: Life Cycle Inventory of Biodiesel and Petroleum Diesel for Use in an Urban Bus. Available at www.biodiesel/resources/sustainability/

  6. Benefits of Biodiesel Health and Safety • Safer, Cleaner Alternative to Petroleum • Exhaust has less harmful impact on human health • Reduces emissions of unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and particulate matter (smog) • Biodegradable and nontoxic • Less toxic than table salt and biodegrades as fast as sugar • Biodiesel exhaust comparable to the smell of French fries References: US Environmental Protection Agency: “A Comprehensive Analysis of Biodiesel Impacts on Exhaust Emissions” visit: www.epa.gov/otaq/models/analysis/biodsl/p02001.pdf. Also see www.biodiesel.org/resources/sustainability/

  7. Benefits of Biodiesel U.S. Economy • Creates Agricultural and Fuel Manufacturing Jobs: 50,000 jobs (mostly rural) ; $4 billion in GDP • Creates Expanded Markets for Agricultural Products • Improves Balance of Trade (36 MM imported Crude Displaced) • $832 MM to tax revenue References: see www/biodiesel.org/resources/sustainability/ then “Economic sustainability”

  8. Legislative Impacts Fleet Operators • Eligible for EPACT credits • Federal fleets must purchase alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) for 75% of light-duty vehicles • 50% of light duty AFV purchase requirements can be met with biodiesel • Can earn 1 AFV purchase credit for each 2,250 gallons of B20 used or for each 450 gallons of B100 used • States and cities are implementing similar requirements

  9. Legislative Impacts Fleet Operators • Cost competitive through tax credits • One penny per percentage point of virgin oil-based biodiesel (20 cents/ gallon for B20) $1/gal incentive • Supported by Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 – RFS2 • Mandates 500 million gallons of biomass based diesel by 2009 and 1 billion gallons by 2012

  10. Legislative Impacts Energy Independence and Security • Increases Domestic Fuel Production Capacity • Reduces Energy Imports and Dependence on Foreign Oil Sources • Distributes fuel production and manufacturing to increase supply security References: see www/biodiesel.org/resources/fuelfactsheets/ then “biodiesel and energy security”

  11. Other Incentives for Use • Diesel Emission Reductions - Grant and loan program available to State and local government agencies and non-profit organizations for reducing emissions from diesel engines. The program focuses on replacing/retrofitting engines in non-attainment areas • EPA to administer • 2007-2011 $200M per year

  12. Other Incentives for Use • State and Local Incentives • VA state legislature considering a state wide B2 mandate (RFS2~B5) • Clean Cities Programs – funding opportunities due Sept. 30, ’09. Contact: Chelsea Jenkins, Hampton Roads Clean Cities

  13. Fuel Quality and Specification • ASTM fuel standards enforceable as of October 2008 • Specification for B100 updated (D6751) • New specification for B6 to B20 blends (D7467) (basis for broad OEM warranty acceptance) • New specification classifying blends up to 5% same as diesel (D975)

  14. BQ-9000 Fuel Quality Program • Biodiesel Industry’s “Good Housekeeping” seal of approval for biodiesel production & distribution companies • Quality Control System covers biodiesel manufacturing, sampling, testing, blending, storage, shipping, distribution • In 2008, 90% of the volume was BQ9000 • There are two BQ-9000 designations: • Producer (make it to spec) • Marketer (buy spec, keep it in spec, blend it right)

  15. BQ-9000 Status • Since 2005, there has been a substantial increase in interest in the NBB’s BQ-9000 Quality Program • We now have 36 total companies BQ-9000 certified (25 producers, 11 marketers) • Over 70% of the volume in the US in 2007 was made by BQ-9000 producers, and more certifications are in process • Many OEMs are now either requiring or strongly encouraging BQ-9000

  16. Using Biodiesel - performance • B20 operates in conventional engines, just like petroleum diesel • Few or no modifications needed to engine or fuel system • Most common measures include initial fuel storage tank cleaning or fuel filter replacement • Higher cetane and lubricity than diesel • Similar horsepower, torque and mileage as diesel

  17. Using Biodiesel - storage • B20 can be stored and distributed using existing petroleum diesel tanks and fueling stations • B20 should be stored at temps at least 10F above cloud point. • Stabilize fuels stored > 6 months • “Start today, stop tomorrow” technology • Does not require major investment • No significant barriers to entry OR exit

  18. Using Biodiesel - cost effective • Biodiesel the least cost, best alternative to diesel • Tax incentive brings cost of biodiesel blends in line with or sometimes lower than #2 Diesel • Using B20 results in lower total annual costs than other alternative fuels

  19. Using Biodiesel - cold weather • Untreated B20 freezes about 2-10 °F faster than #2 petrodiesel • Use winter-blended diesel fuel. • Make sure B20 cloud point is adequate for the region and time of year (www.biodiesel.org/cold) • Consider storing in heated building or tank References: see www.biodiesel.org/cold for more information

  20. High Profile Cold Weather Users • Glacier National Park (MT) • Yellowstone National Park (WY, MT, ID) • Grand Teton National Park (WY) • Salt Lake City Airport • CO Ski Resorts • UC Boulder

  21. Biodiesel Producers

  22. Biodiesel Distributors As of April 2008

  23. Biodiesel Fleet Demonstration Funded by a FTA Research Grant • St. Louis Metro Transit Agency Compared vehicles operating in the field on B20 and ULSD over 18 months • Kansas City Area Transit Authority Compared vehicles operating in the field on B20 and ULSD over 12 months • Engine performance • Fuel economy • Vehicle maintenance cost • Fuel-induced variations in operation and maintenance • Lube oil performance

  24. Biodiesel Fleet Demonstration Study Findings • No statistically significant difference between buses running on B20 and ULSD • On-road fuel economy; Reliability (Road Calls);Total maintenance costs • No other observed fuel system durability issues • Biodiesel blend variability (<B20) • Lube oil data suggests no harm with B20 use • Some potential benefits (soot, wear metals) • TBN decrease, fuel dilution increase (but still “in-grade”)

  25. Biodiesel Fleet Demonstration Study Findings – cont. • One difference in Fuel System and Engine maintenance costs • Fuel injector replacements (15 for B20 vs. 3 for ULSD) • Skewed toward B20 buses; failure mode unknown • Also replaced Fuel filters in B20 buses more often • 28 for B20 vs. 13 for ULSD • Weighted replacements in first 2 months (2000 mile change interval to account for the solvent effect) • Replaced 10 fuel filters in B20 in Feb-07 – likely due to unseasonably cold temps dropping below the cloud point of the fuel

  26. Thank you for your time! Interested in further information? • www.biodiesel.org • Technical Library • Biodiesel Bulletin • Educational Videos Available • Informational Resources • Technical Resources • On-line Database & Spec Sheets • 2009 U.S. Diesel Vehicles List & biodiesel blend support level at: http://www.biodiesel.org/pdf_files/OEM%20Statements/Diesels_for_Sale_in_US.pdf • www.BQ-9000.org

  27. Q&A Thank you for your time today and for your support for biodiesel.

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