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World War II 1939-1945

Explore the key events of World War II, including Hitler's Blitzkrieg tactics, the fall of France, the Battle of Britain, Japan's Pacific Campaign, the invasion of the USSR, the Holocaust, and more.

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World War II 1939-1945

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  1. World War II 1939-1945 Chapter 16

  2. Scissors beats Paper

  3. Hitler’s Lightning War Chapter 16 Section1 Page 491

  4. Germany Sparks a New War • Sept. 1st 1939 • Germany invades Poland • First test of Blitzkrieg • France & Britain declare war on Germany • Sept. 3rd • Sept. 17th • Stalin sends troops to occupy Eastern Poland • Sends troops to occupy Lithuania, Latvia & Estonia • Finland resists • Stalin sends 1 million troops • Wins through sheer numbers

  5. Phony War • France & Britain station troops along Maginot line • Germany stationed along Siegfried Line • Jokingly called sitzkrieg • April 9th 1940 • Hitler launches surprise invasion of Denmark & Norway

  6. Fall of France • German troops slice through the Ardennes • Heavily wooded area • Dunkirk • May 1940 Germans trapped allied forces • Britain sends 850 ships across English Channel • navy ships, yachts, lifeboats, motorboats, paddle steamers & fishing boats • May 26th - June 4th carry 338,000 soldiers

  7. France Falls • June 14th • Germans take Paris • June 22nd 1940 • French leaders surrender • Germans control Northern France • Southern France left to puppet government

  8. Battle of Britain • Winston Churchill - British Prime Minister • Hitler plans to invade Britain • knock out RAF • Land over 250,000 troops • June 1940 • Luftwaffe began bombing Britain • Focus on airfields & factories • Sept. 7th • focusing on cities

  9. Battle of Britain Cont. • Technology helped Britain • Radar • Enigma - German code-breaking machine • Oct. 1940 • German gives up daytime raids • May 10, 1941 • Hitler calls off attacks

  10. Mediterranean & Eastern Front • Germany focuses on Mediterranean/North Africa • Italy attacks Africa • Attacks Egypt - Suez Canal • Britain Strikes back against Italians • February 1941 • Moves 500 miles & takes 130,000 Italian prisoners • Hitler steps in to help • Sends Afrika Korps

  11. Africa Cont. • Mid-January 1942 • Britain fights back • Rommel retreats • June 1942 • Rommel regrouped & pushes British back across desert

  12. Balkans • Hitler begins planning an attack against USSR • Hitler wanted a base in southeastern Europe • Early 1941 • Hitler persuaded Bulgaria, Romania & Hungary to join Axis powers

  13. Hitler invades ussr • Operation Barbarossa • June 22nd 1941 • Soviet Union unprepared - largest army - poorly equipped • After 1 week Germans pushed 500 miles • Soviets practices scorched earth • Sept 8th • Leningrad under siege • Nearly 1 million die at Leningrad • Oct. 2nd 1941 • Moves on Moscow • USSR costs Hitler 500,000 lives

  14. U.S. • Most Americans want Neutrality • Lend-Lease Act - March 1941 • Summer 1941 • U.S. Navy escorting British ships carrying U.S. arms • Roosevelt & Churchill • Atlantic Charter • Sept 4th • German U-boat fired on U.S. destroyer • Roosevelt ordered navy to shoot German Submarines

  15. Japan’s Pacific Campaign Chapter 16 Section 2 Page 497

  16. Pearl Harbor • Oct. 1940 • Americans cracked one code of Japanese • America sent aid to Chinese resistance • July 1941 • Japan overruns Vietnam, Cambodia & Laos • Roosevelt cuts off oil to Japan • Japan plans for attack of U.S. Fleet • “Dagger pointed at Japan’s throat”

  17. Day of Infamy • December 7th 1941 • Japan attacks Pearl Harbor • 2 hours • Sunk or damaged 19 ships • More than 2,300 Americans killed • 1,100 wounded • December 8th • Congress accepts request for declaration of war

  18. Japanese Victories • Guam & Wake Island fall easily • January 1942 • March into American colony Philippines • By February • Japan takes Malaya • Reach Singapore • Month Later • Take Dutch East Indies • By this time • Japan controlled 1 million square miles of Asian land • About 150 million people

  19. Allies Strike back • April 1942 • 16 B-25 bombers attack Tokyo & several other cities • Did little damage • Bombing shook confidence of Japanese • May 1942 • Americans intercept Japanese strike force • Battle of Coral Seas • Ships did not fire a single shot • America lost more ships & troops • Considered a victory

  20. Battle of Midway • Japan targets Midway Islands • June 4th • 1,500 miles west of Hawaii • Key American airfield • Americans knew Japan was headed that way • Americans hid ships - allowed Japan to begin attack • America destroys 332 ships, 4 aircraft carriers

  21. Allied Offensive • Allies take offensive • Japanese troops dig in on hundred of islands • Americans Island hop • Seize islands not well defended closer to Japan • Guadalcanal • August 7th 1942 • Japanese building large plane base • Marines storm beach • February 1943 • Battle ends • 24,000 of 36,000 Japanese soldiers lost

  22. The Holocaust Chapter 16 Section 3 Page 502

  23. The beginning • Aryans - Master Race • Nazis believed all others were inferior • Kristallnacht - Night of the Broken Glass • November 9th, 1938 • 30,000 Jews transported to concentration camps

  24. refugees • Many Jews left • Felt violence would increase against them • Hitler first favored emigration • Many countries shut their doors • 2nd plan • Ordered all Jews to designated cities • Sent to overcrowded ghettos • Hoped Jews would starve to death or die of disease

  25. Final Solution • Genocide - Systematic murder of an entire population • Hitlers plan depended on purity of Aryan race • Eliminated others viewed as “subhuman” • Gypsies, Poles, Russians, Homosexuals, Insane, Disabled, Incurably ill

  26. Mass Killings • SS went town to town hunting Jews • Shot any and all • Those not shot sent to concentration camps • Prisoners worked 7 days a week • Most lost 50 lbs in the first few months

  27. Final Stage • Built extermination camps • large gas chambers - kill as many as 6,000 a day • Auschwitz - largest camp • Survivors • 6 Million die in death camps • Less than 4 million survive

  28. Allied Victory Chapter 16 Section 4 Page 506

  29. Two Fronts • North African Campaign • Montgomery assaults German line • Operation Torch • 100,000 allies land behind Rommel • Afrika Korps crushed May 1943

  30. battle of Stalingrad • Leningrad & Moscow attacks stall • Germans sent to capture oil fields • Also to capture Stalingrad • August 1942 • November 1942 • Germans control 90% of the city • Late November • USSR launch counter attack and surround Germans • Feb. 2 1943 • 90,000 germans surrender

  31. Invasion of Italy • Stalin wanted British & Americans to invade France • Roosevelt & Churchill decide to invade Italy • July 10, 1943 • Allies landed on Sicily • July 25 • King Emmanuel III has Mussolini arrested • Sept. 3 • Italy surrenders • Germans control Northern Italy - put Mussolini in charge • June 4th, 1944 • Allies enter Rome

  32. Victory in Europe • 1943 Allies begin building an invasion force • D-Day • May 1944 • Allies set up a dummy army with headquarters & equipment • June 6th 1944 • Land on Normandy • Americans forces loose over 2,700 alone • July 25th • Allies make hole in German defense

  33. Battle of the Bulge • Allied forces move towards Germany • Hitler faced war on two fronts • December 16 • German tanks broke through American defense • Eventually Americans were able to push back • March 1945 • Allies move across Rhine river • April • 3 million Allies soldiers approached Berlin • April 25th • Soviets surround capital

  34. Hitler • April 29th • Hitler marries Eva Braun • April 30th • Both commit suicide • Roosevelt • Dies April 12th • May 9th • V-E Day

  35. Pacific • Fall 1944 • Allies moving on Japan • Japan create bold plan • Risk entire Japanese fleet • October 23rd • Battle of Leyte Gulf • Lost horribly • Only army & Kamikazes remain • March 1945 • Americans take Iwo Jima • April 1st • U.S. move to Okinawa - 100,000 mean lost

  36. Surrender • Invasion into Japan could cost to many lives • Looked at a new weapon to end war • Truman warns Japan about new weapon • August 6th, 1945 • Drop bomb on Hiroshima • 70-80,000 die in attack • August 9th • Bomb dropped on Nagasaki • Over 70,000 people killed • Sept. 2nd Japan surrendered

  37. Europe & Japan in Ruins Chapter 16 Section 5 Page 514

  38. Europe • Battle of Britain destroyed Britain • Poland capital almost destroyed • Desolation everywhere • Thousands of displaced people

  39. Government & Politics • Communism was on the rise • Declined after economies recovered • Nuremberg trials • 1945-1946 International Military Tribunal • Represented 23 nations • Try Nazi war criminals

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