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World War II (1939 – 1945)

World War II (1939 – 1945). Background. Hitler takes territories before war Rhineland (1936) Sudetenland (1938 ) [Austria] France and England allowed it appeasement Hitler keeps going Wants to take Poland (used to belong to Germany). Nonaggression Pact. Russia signs with Germany

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World War II (1939 – 1945)

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  1. World War II (1939 – 1945)

  2. Background • Hitler takes territories before war • Rhineland (1936) • Sudetenland (1938) • [Austria] • France and England allowed it • appeasement • Hitler keeps going • Wants to take Poland (used to belong to Germany)

  3. Nonaggression Pact • Russia signs with Germany • Public (promise not to attack each other) • Privately (dividing Poland) • Gave Hitler assurance he would not be attacked from the east

  4. 1939 • Germany marches on Poland • Appeasement ends (France and England had promised protection) • Blitzkrieg – “lightning War” – quick and forceful • Allies not ready

  5. Allies England France (sort of) Russia U.S. (not until 1941)

  6. Axis powers • Italy • Germany • Japan

  7. 1940 • Winston Churchill takes power in England • Germany crushes France and takes Paris (France out of war) • Battle of Britain • Attack on England • Luftwaffe (German Air Force) bombs England • Royal Air Force (RAF) keeps Germany from winning – puts up good fight • Japan joins Axis

  8. 1941 • Axis Winning (have most of Europe – much of SE Asia) • Germany invades Soviet Union (Russia) without declaring war • We interrupt this program…

  9. Dec. 7, 1941 • Japan bombs Pearl Harbor • U.S. enters war

  10. Background • 1937 – Japan invades Manchuria (China) and threatens to conquer more territory • 1941 – U.S. place oil embargo (halt) against Japan • Both sides issue demands and neither agree • U.S. sends supplies to China • Japan sends delegates to U.S.

  11. 3 Proposals by Japan • 1. quit supplying China with food, ammo. • 2. start shipping oil to Japan again • 3. stay out of Asia’s affairs

  12. December 7, 1941 • Japanese Leaders (AdmiralIsoruko Yamamoto, Prime Minister Hideki Tojo, Emperor Hirohito)

  13. The Invasion • Attack begins at 7:55 a.m. • Battleship row (USS Arizona hit hardest) • About 100 Navy ships at Pearl Harbor (7 were primary targets on Battleship Row) • Japanese goal – take out 3 aircraft carriers and hit fuel storage • Carriers were out to sea that day • Missed fuel storage

  14. Pearl Harbor • 2 waves of attacks • 21 ships sunk, capsized or destroyed • 10 were important • 8 were battleships • Roughly 180 planes destroyed, 150 damaged • Only 43 operational aircraft are left (38 into the air, 10 shot down) • Over 3500 casualties (2403 killed) • 1177 were trapped in the Arizona Not enough damage for Japan

  15. Japanese casualties • 29 planes lost (5 midget submarines) • 100 men die

  16. Importance of Pearl Harbor • Brings U.S. into war (vs. both Japan and Germany) • Japan gets A-bombed (eventually) • Back to our regularly scheduled program…

  17. 1942 – turning point in the war • 1. El Alamein • England beats Germany out of Egypt and North Africa • 2. Stalingrad • Soviets initially driven back to Moscow and Stalingrad • Burn everything as they retreat so Germans have no supplies, food, or shelter • Hitler refuses to retreat (big mistake) • 3. Midway and Battle of the Coral Sea • NW of Hawaii (beat Japan)

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