Email Writing

1. Email Writing The Basics

2. Contents • Register (formal/neutral/informal) • Missing words • Abbreviations • Opening and Closing • Endings • Subject Lines • Etiquette – Do’s and Don’ts • Key Phrases • Writing Exercise Adrian O’Donnell – Lado Business English Specialists

3. Register • Formal • Standard/Neutral • Informal Adrian O’Donnell – Lado Business English Specialists

4. Formal What are the characteristics? • Old-fashioned letter style • Impersonal • Polite and careful • Fixed expressions and long words • Grammar and punctuation important • Not common in emails (serious subjects) Adrian O’Donnell – Lado Business English Specialists

5. Neutral/Standard • Professional/work emails – common! • Simple • Clear • Direct • Short sentences • Contractions (I’ve = I have, etc.) • Quite personal • Not similar to speech (too direct) Adrian O’Donnell – Lado Business English Specialists

6. Informal • Between friends – common • Similar to speech • Everyday words and conversational • Reader is more tolerant of bad grammar, etc. • Includes personal news or funny comments Adrian O’Donnell – Lado Business English Specialists

7. Exercise Rewrite the emails in your handout by substituting the phrases in italics with more informal phrases. Use contractions (e.g. I’ll) where appropriate. Example I am afraid I will not be able to attend the meeting on Thursday. Sorry I can’t make it on Thursday. Adrian O’Donnell – Lado Business English Specialists

8. Formal words vs. informal words Formal assistance, due to, enquire, further, inform, information, obtain/receive, occupation, possess, provide, repair, request, requirements, reserve, verify Informal help, because of, ask, more, tell, facts, get, job, have, give, fix, ask for, needs, book, check/prove Notice longer words of Latin origin sound more formal, and shorter words sound more informal. Adrian O’Donnell – Lado Business English Specialists

9. Missing words Missing out words is common in emails and informal speech. It happens where people know each other very well and the situation is relaxed and friendly. The meaning is clear from the context, so the full grammatical form is not necessary. Example That’s a good idea! - Good idea! I hope everything is ok. - Hope everything is ok. Adrian O’Donnell – Lado Business English Specialists

10. Missing words exercise • I think your idea is great. • I’ll speak to you later. • If you have any problems, give me a call. • It’s a pity you can’t come. • Your idea is good, but it needs clarification. • Are you going to the conference? • I will catch up with you sometime next week. • Friday would be better than Wednesday. Adrian O’Donnell – Lado Business English Specialists

11. Missing word rules • The subject ‘I’ can be left out, especially with mental verbs like think, hope, etc. • In a question, the subject ‘you’ and the auxiliary verb can be omitted. • The subject ‘I’ and the auxiliary (be, have, will) can be left out. • The words ‘that’ or ‘it’ can be left out, often with a form of ‘be’ as well. • The word ‘the’ can occasionally be left out. • A form of ‘be’ can be left out on its own. Adrian O’Donnell – Lado Business English Specialists

12. Put the missing words back into the following email... • Great evening, wasn’t it. Really enjoyed the meal, and nice to see Mary and Roger again. Had a chance to speak to Lucy yet? Don’t worry if you haven’t, will be seeing her tomorrow. • About next week - film you suggested sounds great. Been talking to some colleagues about it. Not sure about the day, though. Tuesday might be difficult, Perhaps Wednesday better? Let me know. • Going to my parents on weekend - looking forward to it. They live in Chichester. Ever been there? • Sometime soon we need to talk about holiday plans for next summer. Things still a bit uncertain at work. Might be possible to take two weeks off in July, but can’t be sure. Three weeks impossible. A pity. • Anyway, got to go now. Hope you’re well. See you next week. Adrian O’Donnell – Lado Business English Specialists

13. Abbreviations Only use common abbreviations or abbreviations you are sure the reader will understand! Examples • i.e. (id est) … • e.g. (exempli gratia) … • NB (nota bene) … • PS (postscript) … • BTW (by the way) • asap (as soon as possible) Adrian O’Donnell – Lado Business English Specialists

14. Other abbreviated forms Do not treat email as text messaging! Cul8r = ? Qty = ? Rec’d = ? Pls = ? Wd = ? Hv = ? Otoh = ? Bw = ? Adrian O’Donnell – Lado Business English Specialists

15. Opening and Closing Some Beginnings • I am writing with regard to your recent email. • Thanks so much for your recent present. • Patricia, I’ve just read your email. • I am writing with reference to our order number GK67. Adrian O’Donnell – Lado Business English Specialists

16. Some Endings • I look forward to receiving this information as soon as possible. • Thanks again for the gift and give my regards to your family. • I’ll call you at the weekend to see how things are. • Should you require any further information, we will be happy to assist you. Adrian O’Donnell – Lado Business English Specialists

17. Read the following sentences. Decide whether they are beginnings or endings. Then decide whether they are neutral or informal. • The computer network will be shut down for maintenance at 5pm on Friday. • What a surprise – how nice to hear from you? • I’m so happy for you! Write again soon and tell me how it’s going. • Just a quick note to say I really enjoyed last night. • Please find attached my report, as promised in Monday’s meeting. • Bye for now. See you soon. • I hope that everything is okay, but do not hesitate to contact me if you need clarification. • We are writing to advise you about some changes in our price list. Adrian O’Donnell – Lado Business English Specialists

18. Subject Lines • To consider the reader, use only one subject per email. • The subject line should: • - be clear and short • - tell the reader exactly what is in • the email Adrian O’Donnell – Lado Business English Specialists

19. Example Email Subject: Funded speaking engagement at Taichung University Message: Dear Dr. Lee, My name is Joe Chen and I am the office manager for the Department of Engineering at Taichung University. I am contacting you at the request of Dr. Wang, the chair of the Department of Engineering to arrange for a speaking engagement at our university. We bring in some of the best minds in the field of Engineering each year to speak to our graduating seniors. This year we hope that you will be able to join us. The session will take place in the afternoon on Friday, March 5. If you are interested please let me know at your earliest convenience. We can further discuss funding, travel arrangements, and other specifics at that time. Sincerely, Joe Adrian O’Donnell – Lado Business English Specialists

20. Etiquette • Don't send private messages with the company account • Use BCC if necessary • Be professional. Ensure your work emails don't contain 'u', ‘cul8r', ‘ru', and/or several million other texting/chatroom acronyms • Check tone • Don't use email when you are angry • Get clarification • Quoting –Cut and paste the most relevant sentence from the message to which you are responding Adrian O’Donnell – Lado Business English Specialists

21. Communicating & Effectiveness • Use meaningful subject lines • Be brief • Summarize • Cheat with templates • Use 'Reply All' when necessary • Remember the telephone • If it's urgent, say so • On vacation? • Proofread Adrian O’Donnell – Lado Business English Specialists

22. Email Attachments • Keep attachments small • Don't forward attachments • Include an excerpt • Send a link instead Adrian O’Donnell – Lado Business English Specialists

23. Informal – but unclear Hello, I read on your web site that you offer Music CD copying for large quantities of CDs. I'd like to inquire about the procedures involved in these services. Are the files transferred online, or are the titles sent by CD to you by standard mail? How long does it usually take to produce approximately 500 copies? Are there any discounts on such a large quantity? Thank you for taking the time to answer my questions. I look forward to your response. Joe Thomson Sales Manager, Young Talent Inc. (509) 467 - 3458 Adrian O’Donnell – Lado Business English Specialists

24. Clearer layout Hello, I read on your web site that you offer Music CD copying for large quantities of CDs. Please could you tell me: • Are the files transferred online, or are the titles sent by CD to you by standard mail? • How long does it usually take to produce approximately 500 copies? • Are there any discounts on such a large quantity? Thank you for taking the time to answer my questions. I look forward to your response. Joe Thomson Sales Manager, Young Talent Inc. (509) 467 - 3458 Adrian O’Donnell – Lado Business English Specialists

25. Important Points to Remember • Email is less formal than a written letter. Emails are usually short and concise. • If you are writing to someone you don't know, a simple "Hello" may be adequate. Using a salutation such as "Dear Mr Smith," is very formal. • When writing to someone you know well, feel free to write as if you are speaking to the person. • Use abbreviated verb forms (He's, We're, He'd, etc.) • It is not necessary to include your email address as the recipient can just reply to the email. • Include a telephone number to the signature of the email. This will give the recipient the chance to telephone if necessary. Adrian O’Donnell – Lado Business English Specialists

26. Key Phrases I Name • Dear Mr/Mrs/Ms Chen • Dear Eva • Hi/Hello Melissa • John, … (or no name at all) Adrian O’Donnell – Lado Business English Specialists

27. Key Phrases II Previous Contact • Thank you for your email of … • Thanks for your email. • Further to your last email, … • Re your email • Sorry, I haven’t written for ages, but I’ve been really busy. • With reference to your email sent (date), … Adrian O’Donnell – Lado Business English Specialists

28. Key Phrases III Reason for email • We are writing to inform you that … • Just a short note to let you know that … • I’m writing about … • I am writing with regard to … • Please note that … Adrian O’Donnell – Lado Business English Specialists

29. Key Phrases IV Good news • You will be pleased to hear that … • We are able to confirm that … • Good news! • We can confirm that … Adrian O’Donnell – Lado Business English Specialists

30. Key Phrases V Bad news/Apologising • I apologise for … • We regret to inform you that … • Sorry for … • Unfortunately, … Adrian O’Donnell – Lado Business English Specialists

31. Key Phrases VI Requests • I’d be grateful if you could … • Please could you … • Could you … • Can I have … • I wonder if you could … • Do you think I could have … Adrian O’Donnell – Lado Business English Specialists

32. Formal/Neutral StyleWrite to a customer to tell them that the product/service they want is not available at the moment. Prepare the situation using the questions below. • What is your company’s business? What products/services do you offer? • What is the particular product/service that you normally offer, but is not available at the moment? • Why? • When is it going to be available again? • Who is the customer that you are writing to? Why do they need your product/service? • Are you going to promise any action, give additional information, offer help etc? Adrian O’Donnell – Lado Business English Specialists

33. Check • Grammar • Spelling • Punctuation • Style • Is everything clear, well-structured and easy to understand? Adrian O’Donnell – Lado Business English Specialists

34. Next Week Giving Information Making Requests Arranging Meetings Checking Understanding Direct and Indirect Softening the Tone Adrian O’Donnell – Lado Business English Specialists