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Molecular Composition of Gases

Molecular Composition of Gases. Volume-Mass Relationships of Gases. Objectives:. State Avogadro’s Law and explain its significance. Define the standard molar volume of a gas and use it to calculate gas mass and volume. Use molar volume to calculate the density and molar mass of a gas at STP.

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Molecular Composition of Gases

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  1. Molecular Composition of Gases Volume-Mass Relationships of Gases

  2. Objectives: • State Avogadro’s Law and explain its significance. • Define the standard molar volume of a gas and use it to calculate gas mass and volume. • Use molar volume to calculate the density and molar mass of a gas at STP.

  3. Volumes of Reacting Gases Gay-Lussac’s Law of Combining Volumes of Gases 1808 – At constant temperature and pressure, the volumes of gaseous reactants and products can be expressed as ratios of small whole numbers Hydrogen + Oxygen  water vapor 2 L 1 L 2 L Nitrogen + Hydrogen  ammonia 1 L 3 L 2 L

  4. Equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules. Explained Gay-Lussac’s observations. Remember: Avogadro’s Law

  5. Avogadro’s Law N2 + 3 H2 2 NH3 1 L 3 L 2 L 1 molecule 3 molecules 2 molecules 1 mol 3 mol 2 mol

  6. Avogadro’s Law • Ozone can be formed by the following reaction: 3 O2 2 O3 If both gases are at constant temp. and pressure… • How many molecules of ozone are formed from the reaction of 24 oxygen molecules? • How many moles of oxygen are required to produce 24 moles of ozone? • How many Liters of ozone are produced from 12 L of oxygen • How many liters of chlorine at STP will react with 35 L O2 at STP? Use the following reaction. 2 Cl2 + 7 O2  2 Cl2O7

  7. Molar Volume of Gases At STP……. 1 mole of a gas = 22.4 L • This conversion factor can be used with molar mass to relate mass, moles, and volume of a gas.

  8. Molar Volume of Gases • At STP, what is the volume of 7.08 mol of nitrogen gas? • A sample of hydrogen gas occupies 14.1 L at STP. How many moles of the gas are present? • What is the mass of 1.33 x 104 mL of oxygen gas at STP? • What is the volume of 77.0 g of nitrogen dioxide gas at STP • At STP, 3 L of chlorine is produced during a chemical reaction. What is the mass of this gas?

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